Monday, December 30, 2019

Essay about Apple Inc. Financial Analysis - 2812 Words

APPLE Inc. (AAPL) Accounting and Financial Profile [pic] Name Sachitanand Karnakote Choong Chee Lai Lei Qiu Alcides Santopietro Denisa Voicu September 2008 Contents Introduction 2 The company and its activities 2 Industry Competition 2 Recommendation 3 Accounting choices and Quality of Earnings 4 Ratios analysis 6 Liquidity: 6 Solvency: 7 Profitability: 8 Market: 8 Relevant Disclosures 9 Risks 9 Analysis of Apple Inc. corporate strategy 10 Introduction Our group decided to analyse the company Apple Inc., listed on Nasdaq Market as AAPL. The analysis was mainly based on the annual financial report of the company for the fiscal year ended on September 29th 2007. Apple Inc. is today one of the most†¦show more content†¦| |Revenues |Gross Margin |Net Income |EBITDA |Total Assets | |Quick Ration (MRQ) |2.98 |1.02 |1.85 |2.12 |1.02 | |LT Dept to Equity (MRQ) |0.00 |17.22 |20.01 |16.87 |110.98 | Table 1.Apple; Hewlett- Packard - FINANCIAL STRENGTH, source: Reuters Liquidity: |Table 2 |Quick |Current Ratio|Accounts collection period of accounts |Average number of days inventory | | |Ratio | |receivable(days) |on hand | |2006 |1.76 |2.25 |23.7 |7.18 | In 2007, total assets have increased significantly by 48% from 2006. Current assets are 86.62% of total assets in 2007, up from 84.33% in 2006. From the trend over the last 5 years (2003-2007), Cash and Cash Equivalents (CCE) have grown strongly by 175% while total current assets have grown significantly by 273% in the same period. This growth in current assets is also reflected in Apple’s Quick Ratio and Current Ratio which have improved marginally in 2007 to 1.83 and 2.36 respectively. Apple`s ratios are favorable compared to its competitors, e.g.Show MoreRelatedFinancial Analysis of Apple Inc.795 Words   |  4 PagesFinancial Analysis (Submitted by) Abstract The following paper aims at discussing the financial position of the American multinational corporation, Apple inc., which designs and markets consumer electronics, computers and personal computers mobile communication devices, and portable digital music and video players, as well as sells various related software, services, peripherals, and networking solutions. Apple Inc. together with subsidiaries sells its products worldwide through its onlineRead MoreFinancial Analysis of Apple, Inc.2114 Words   |  9 PagesCompany Background Apple, Inc. (formerly known as Apple Computer, Inc.) was incorporated in the State of California in 1977. Apple currently designs, manufactures, and markets a variety of computer and personal electronic products, including Macintosh computers, and the iPod digital music player. 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The evaluation is based on the numbers calculated from the data on Apple Inc.’s Financial Performance Worksheets. This paper covers three areas. The first part of the paper contains a brief history of Apple and the position of the organization in the market of computers. The second part is a calculation of Apple s performance and the reasons for their success. Finally, a conclusionRead MoreFina ncial Analysis Of Apple, Inc. Essay1861 Words   |  8 PagesCompany Background Apple, Inc. (formerly known as Apple Computer, Inc.) was incorporated in the State of California in 1977. Apple currently designs, manufactures, and markets a variety of computer and personal electronic products, including Macintosh computers, and the iPod digital music player. AppleÕs key markets are consumers, creative professionals, educational institutions, and business users. For nearly twenty years, Apple computers have been the industry standard for creative industriesRead MoreEssay on Financial Analysis of Apple, Inc.1980 Words   |  8 PagesWhen looking at the financial performance of a company, it is important to examine the financial ratios. There are several different classifications of financial ratios. Profitability ratios show the profitability of the company. Liquidity ratios deal with the current assets and current liabilities of the company, and they determine how the company is performing with their liquid finances. Leverage ratios deal with the company’s debt, and how they affect performance. Activity ratios deal with a company’sRead MoreA Financial Ratio Quarterly Trend Analysis of Apple, Inc.3198 Words   |  13 PagesA Financial Ratio Quarterly Trend Analysis of Apple, Inc. Stock Symbol: AAPL Listed on NASDAQ Prepared for: Department of Finance and Real Estate Florida International University In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course: By: Introduction This report provides a financial quarterly trend analysis for Apple Inc. The U.S. based company (formerly Apple Computer, Inc.) is an American multinational corporation that designs and sells consumer electronics, computerRead MoreApple Inc vs. Philips: Financial Analysis996 Words   |  4 Pagesaccording to Weygandt, Kimmel and Kieso (2009), dictates that companies recognize revenue in the accounting period in which it is earned. The reporting of revenue generally affects not only the results of the operations of a given entity but also its financial position. In that regard, the relevance of understanding both the concepts as well as practices of revenue recognition cannot be overstated. In the words of Nikolai, Bazley and Jones (2009), revenues should be recognized when (1) realization hasRead MoreApple Inc: Analysis of Financial Statement Essay examples2094 Words   |  9 PagesAn Analysis of the Financial Statements of Apple Intermediate Accounting III INTRODUCTION I chose Apple for my course project mainly based on the fact that they release all their records to the public and they have excellent accounting practices. Their paper work is easy to read and follow and based on their records they have an endless amount of revenue in the billions. As we have discussed about Apple in class I was very intrigued how they looked in the books on a specific level of detailRead More Apple Inc. Financial Analysis Case Study Essay examples3623 Words   |  15 Pages Apple Inc.’s Financial Analysis case study will cover the nine-step assessment process to evaluate the company’s future financial health. The nine-step evaluation process will entail the following: 1) Fundamental analysis covers objectives, plan of action, market, competing technology, and governing and operational traits, 2) Fundamental analysis-revenue direction, 3) Investments to support the firm’s entities action plan, 4) Forthcoming profit and competitive accomplishment, 5) Forthcoming

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Introduction Of Islam And The Environment - 1665 Words

Introduction to Islam and the Environment A few problems we face in the world today include harmful ozone layer destruction, unmanageable global warming, disgustingly high levels of pollution, dangerously high rates of natural resource depletion, and extinction at astronomical rates. The effect of these issues includes destruction of our trees and plants, food shortages, higher risk of natural disasters, higher risk of unclean water, and a higher risk of cancer (Environmental Problems). These obvious issues have been ravaging our earth for much too long and it is time that people begin to step up and embrace environmental sustainability. While there are groups and foundations working towards creating a more sustainable earth, more active†¦show more content†¦With a following that includes 23% of the world population, Islam as a whole has the potential to influence over one billion people to act a certain way. Although 100% of the people in the world are Islamic, everyone has the ability to utilize Muslim practices a nd principles in order to address climate change and environmental degradation. Some behaviors that should be more common include recycling, conserving energy and natural resources, use carbon emitting vehicles/machines less, and simply to plant more trees. These activities, which go along with a few of the basic aspects of Islamic thought and practice, could potentially have a huge impact on the world when followed by large amounts of people. Due to the gravity of the issues and the consequences that are already beginning to occur, the emphasis on environmental sustainability needs to begin soon, and those who disagree need to join the cause unless they enjoy watching their friends and family experience sickness, disaster, and death. Problem Facing the World Today There are thirty-four countries in the world that are both advanced agriculturally and predominantly Muslim. These thirty-four Islamic nations account for about 21% of the world’s land surface and about 15% of its cropped area. While the agricultural sector has been a pivotal part of Islamic life for hundreds of years, the practice is becoming more and more difficult. In regards to agriculture today, Lynn White states

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Appropriate language use and Pedagogic purpose in EFL classrooms Free Essays

string(131) " fellow teachers that are also part of an EFL program shares the challenges and the triumphs that they had faced in the classroom\." Introduction Language is the only key that could open the doors of a particular culture when it comes to accessing its treasure trove of literature, history, and philosophy. It is impossible to know more about a people group’s way of life, if an outsider is unable to grasp the basic rudiments of their language. It would be impossible to understand how a certain society has been formed and how it is being sustained without a basic ability to use the language. We will write a custom essay sample on Appropriate language use and Pedagogic purpose in EFL classrooms or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is the code breaker, an interpreter and investigative tool rolled into one. When it comes to the English language its importance goes beyond that of a code breaker and interpreter because it is the lingua franca of the modern age. The one who can speak the language does not only have access to the culture of the English speaking world; the person proficient in the said language also have the capability to create a massive network that spans all over the globe. This is due to the fact that English is spoken by many hundreds of millions of people. The person desiring to learn English must seek out an institution or a teacher that knows the importance of using appropriate language based on pedagogic purposes. Before going any further it is important to point out that the existence of superb curriculum and a set of effective teaching techniques have no value unless a passionate and knowledgeable teacher comes along to pick up and use these tools. These are just tools and nothing more. It is the teacher with dedication and clear understanding of his or her purpose that can infuse energy and intelligence into an EFL classroom making it an effective place for learning a second or even third language. It all begins with the realization that the teacher has the power to change the learning environment depending on the need. The teacher is not only the drill sergeant but also the coordinator, dictating the pace of the learning process while at the same time expertly using all the resources at his or her disposal to create a particular classroom dynamic that increases the capability of the students to learn and master a foreign language. Although the teacher has mastered the English language to such an extent that he can teach it to others does not mean to say that the teacher is the centre of the EFL classroom universe. It is crucial to appreciate the importance of collaboration. It is always advantageous to work with other English teachers. But more importantly it is imperative to be kept abreast of new teaching practices. One of the most helpful is the idea that teachers learn to use appropriate language in EFL classrooms. The key word here is context. The following are some of the definitions of context such as: â€Å"the part of a text or statement that surrounds a particular word or passage and determines meaning† (Walsh, 2011, p.24). The second definition focuses on the circumstances in which an event occurs; a setting (Walsh, year, p.24). And the third definition is states as the â€Å"parts of a piece of writing, speech, etc., that precede and follow a word or passage and contribute to its full meaning† (Walsh, 2011, p.24). Appropriate Language Use in EFL classrooms The most important skill to develop is the ability to use appropriate â€Å"teacher talk†, which is the speech that is comprehensible to the students but not oversimplified (Richards Farrell, 2011, p.16). The assertion that it is imperative for EFL teachers to use appropriate language may be confusing at first glance. The objective of learning institution like EFL is to teach the English language to a non-native speaker. Naturally, the teachers would have to use the English language as a medium of instruction. Thus, it requires clarification when scholars pointed out the need to evaluate the language use in the classrooms. Upon close examination the meaning of the phrase â€Å"appropriate language use† has to be interpreted in the context of EFL. It is the use of metalanguage to teach another language. In this case metalanguage can also be symbols and other expressions that the teachers can use with other teachers to help them evaluate the teaching style. The metalanguage can be seen as common language shared by teachers in EFL and this can be used to unify all the strategies and techniques. Problems are to be expected if teachers cannot find common ground and the â€Å"lack of an agreed metalanguage makes the processes of comparison and generalisation practically impossible, as the constructs used have different meanings† (Walsh, 2011, p.109). A metalanguage can be developed using a research tool called the self-evaluation of teacher talk or SETT (Walsh, 2006, p.133). This is a framework that can be constructed by teachers or administrators to evaluate teacher talk or how they interact with their students (Housen Pierrard, 2005, p.217). An example of SETT framework is the use of audio-recordings of what transpired within an EFL classroom. In other cases teachers uses video cameras to record the activities within the classroom. Aside from using the SETT framework, teachers must engage in reflective practices with other colleague or professionals in order to clearly evaluate teaching techniques and strategies in an EFL environment (Walsh, 2011, p.147). Another way to discover the appropriate language for EFL is to carefully analyse feedback coming from students, fellow teachers, and collaborative teams. The students are the primary source of feedback. The teacher does something in the classroom and he or she immediately sees the reaction of the student. This comes in the form of a questions, a confused expression on their faces, or the excitement of learning as evidenced by their happy chatter. Feedback also comes from the results of exams and various tests to determine student progress. Another way to benefit from feedback is to learn from the experience of other teachers. In the faculty room or in other formal meeting fellow teachers that are also part of an EFL program shares the challenges and the triumphs that they had faced in the classroom. You read "Appropriate language use and Pedagogic purpose in EFL classrooms" in category "Essay examples" There are also occasions when a more experienced EFL instructor gets to observe another while teaching and offers a feedback regarding on areas that requires improvement. One expert pointed out the reason for doing collaborative work and he wrote that collaborators â€Å"may wish to create an environment in which learners, teacher and researchers are teaching and learning from each other in an equitable way (a trend which is enhanced by the growing interest in action research); or they may wish to experiment with ways of incorporating principles of learner-centredness into their programs† (Nunan, 1992, p.162). One way to apply the principles inherent in collaboration is to create teaching teams. If ESL teachers opt to create one the best way to start is to choose what kind of team the collaborators needed. The following are some of the common types of teams: a) Team Leader Type; b) Associate Type; c) Master Teacher/Beginner Teacher; and d) Coordinated Team Type (Nunan, 1992, p.163). In the Team Leader Type one of the team members has a higher status as compared to the others. Thus, the team leader may have a title given to her to formalise the formation of the team and he or she acts as the overseer as well as provide the general direction the team is headed. The Associate Type there is no in the team that has special status and any useful information generated by the team is the result of interaction among equals. The Master Teacher / Beginner Teacher is like assigning a mentor to a new teacher. This is also an effective tool because it speeds up the learning process especially when it comes to finding out the appropriate language to be used within an EFL classroom. The only drawback to this type of collaboration is that it does not add value to the veteran teacher. The Coordinated Team Type does not focus on the creation of joint responsibility, instead it is the sharing of resources by two different teachers assigned to teach two different groups of students. Aside from student feedbacks and the teaching tips that one can receive from fellow teachers, another way to analyse feedback is to develop a collaborative geared towards learning more about appropriate language use. Team work in this case provides a better chance of discovering flaws in teaching since it is a concerted effort. Efficiency in the learning process can be achieved making it easier to change teaching style to produce more satisfactory results. Appropriate language used must be top priority because teachers may have a false understanding of the real marks of success. The teacher may come to believe that if he or she has completed all the lessons that must be taught in a given time frame then that is the mark of progress. The real measurement for success is the ability of students to communicate effectively and oral fluency in the English language. This must be the standard. The failure of appropriate language use is based on the inability of teachers to evaluate their skills and the needs of their students. It is therefore crucial to have tools that would inform the teachers on the areas that they need to improve on. At the same time they need to know the weakness of their students. And finally they need to develop appropriate teaching methodologies to increase their efficiency. Pedagogic Purposes The use of the SETT framework is made more effective if the teachers are aware that there are four major modes of learning strategies that can be employed in the classroom and these are: a) managerial mode; b) materials mode; c) skills and systems mode; and d) classroom context mode (Walsh, 2003, p.3). The pedagogic goals of the managerial mode is to transmit information. This is achieved by having an extended teaching turn and the negative result is the absence of contribution from the students. The materials mode’s pedagogic goal on the other hand is to elicit response to a particular material. This is achieved by the extensive use of display questions and the use of scaffolding. The skills and systems mode on the other hand focuses on the need to enable students to produce correct form. This is also achieved by allowing teacher to dominate the discourse. The classroom context mode has a different pedagogic goals than the other three because its emphasis is to enable the students to express themselves clearly and to establish a context. This is why the strategy used is extensive learner turns. One of the factors that enable people to master a particular language or a local dialect is described as the â€Å"exposure to rich and contextually appropriate input† that resulted in the development of pragmatic competence in the said target language (Soler, 2008, p.45). This is what happens when a child learns the predominant language used in the home. The child observes the facial expressions and listens to the conversation made by adults. For instance, in a dinner table the father gestures to a plate of food and utters the request to pass the plate to him and the child takes note of the language used in that particular event. At the same time the child mimics the adults, speaking the same words and he or she receives feedback. In both instances one can see a contextually appropriate input that facilitates the learning process. In the case of the person learning a foreign language within the four walls of a classroom, the same environment that produces contextually appropriate input is usually absent. As a result there is a need to recreate the same experience in a practical manner. Thus, there are many practitioners in the field of EFL that are happy about the use of audiovisual materials. In this way the EFL teacher can provide learners with â€Å"samples of appropriate language use in a variety of contexts† (Soler, 2008, p.245). The problem is made more evident when a foreign language teacher attempts to teach English using conventional methods. One conventional approach is the use of a dictionary to learn new words. The weakness of this approach was summarised by a foreign language (FL) expert who wrote that a child learning his native tongue is â€Å"exposed to words in a variety of different contexts, and can so from a well-rounded concept of both the word’s meaning and its use †¦ there are also many excellent human dictionaries in the form of parents and teachers, who are frequently asked to give explanations for new words† (Lochtman Kappel, 2008, p.78). The same cannot be said in an EFL environment where the students usually know one person able to speak the language in a proficient manner. Thus, they can only interact with this person on a limited basis hampering the speed and efficiency of the learning process. The teachers must be trained in the principles of interactional awareness (Cummins Davidson, 2007, p.954). There is also the need to promote activities that would help teachers detect errors in language use (ibid). At the same time there is the need to encourage teachers to study the theories that supports their pedagogical practice (ibid). It is also important to look at the cultural context of the classroom because culture creates the frame for viewing interaction (Wolfram, Adger, Christian, 1999, p.84). Appropriate Language Use in Conjunction with EFL classroom techniques Before going any further it is important to point out that English is both the focus of learning as well as the medium of instruction. This stems from the fact that â€Å"English is both the target of learning as well as the medium of teaching† (Richards Farrell, 2011 p.16). It is therefore crucial that proficiency in this language is the top priority of the teachers. According to experts, â€Å"It will influence many crucial aspects of teaching such as the ability to provide good language models (Richards Farrell, 2011, p.16). After teachers are aware of their need to improve proficiency the next step is to determine appropriate language usage in the EFL classroom. The use of the SETT framework enables the teachers to detect errors and to improve the language use in the classroom. But it was also discovered by experts that the ability to develop appropriate language is not only based on what the teachers have learned from the feedback coming from colleagues or even experts in the field of second language acquisition. Interestingly the enhancement of teaching techniques when it comes to appropriate use of language can only be achieved if the teacher allows student participation. In this regard it is time to seriously consider the managerial mode of teaching and allow students to participate more in discussion. It is therefore important to allow them to speak and to encourage the learning of the spoken language first before mastering written communication. Experts are saying that it was only recently that there was a renewed interest and awareness of the â€Å"importance of the study of spoken language and a realization that this study is essential for any real understanding of actual language use† (Cummins Davidson, 2007, p.860). Aside from these benefits the preference of student-teacher discourse as to written communication in learning a second language is based on the insight that each language has its own â€Å"preferred strategies for aural decoding† (Carter Nunan, 2001, p.8). This is crucial in an EFL classroom when there is the realisation that the ability to speak fluently in English is one of the signs that a program has been a success. Just to clarify the following are the four fundamental properties of spoken language and underscores the importance of encouraging verbal interaction in the classroom and these are: Phonological system: the phonemes used in a particular language; Phonotactic rules: the sound sequences that a language allows to make up syllables; Tone melodies: the characteristic variation in high, low, rising and falling tones to indicate lexical or discourse meanings; The stress system; the way in which lexical stress is fixed within an utterance (Carter Nunan, 2001, p.8). One of the ways to apply insights about spoken language in the EFL classroom is to utilise the turn-taking technique. According to practitioners teachers and students can learn from observing people conversing and using turn-taking as a process of communication. This enhances the teachers’ ability to evaluate teacher-talk. One of the most important developments with regards to the need for appropriate language use in EFL is the creation of a teaching methodology known as task-based language teaching or TBLT. This was derived from Communicative Language Teaching and the main purpose was to â€Å"bring ‘real-world’ contexts into the classroom, and it emphasises the use of language for completing tasks rather than as a focus for study† (Walsh, 2011, p.26). By using TBLT, the students are able to interact with others and enhance the learning process when it comes to the acquisition of a foreign language. It simulates what happens in the real world where people use language not to study it but to accomplish a task. In the course of using TBLT techniques such as oral communicative tasks students are able to identify gaps in their knowledge as well as â€Å"notice connections between different linguistic features, find ways of saying something even when they do not have the most appropriate language, and so on† (Walsh, 2011, p.27). A good example of a BLTB inspired communicative task is to assign students into groups and give them a situational problem that they need to solve. One of the best examples is the situational problem involving the crash of a light-aircraft in a remote island in the Pacific. The two passengers survived but they have to choose wisely what to bring with them as they leave the plane and walk towards the clearing or the shore. The items are: parachute; knife; flashlight; matches; mobile phone; mobile phone charger; notebook; pencil; shaving kit; make-up kit; one apple; cigarettes; a bottle of lotion; airplane radio; and a bottle of water. The instructions further states that they can only bring five items with them. The items are words that they encounter in their readings or words commonly used in the real-world conversation and by engaging themselves in this problem solving exercise they go beyond mere memorisation of the words and learning the definition. Their minds are engaged in a deeper level and therefore learning is enhanced in a manner that can never be duplicated in a simple classroom type discourse. It is also important to provide opportunities for students â€Å"for interactive and collaborative uses of language among learners† (Richards Farrell, 2011, p.16). According to one practitioner in the field of intercultural language use a communicative methodology is to â€Å"acquire the necessary skills to communicate in socially and culturally appropriate ways, and, in the learning process, focus should be placed on functions, role playing and the real situations, among other aspects† (Soler, 2008, p.59). â€Å"Play has been noted as valuable in helping pupils’ development of oracy and literacy skills †¦ the normal practice during structured play sessions was to encourage pupils to respond to their experiences using the language at their disposal at the time† (Beaumont O’Brien, 2000, p.16). An example of structured play is when students are told to participate in a make-believe game where they are supposed to buy fruits and vegetables from a shopkeeper. Thus, instead of just teaching them about fruits and vegetables and showing these items in visual presentation format, the students are now able to exercise the ability to use the language in a practical matter. It can also be argued that the structured play enables them to participate in manner that is more intense as compared to sitting back and merely listening to the teachers speak. In this type of scenario the students learn more than just the words but also the feel of the language when spoken in a natural setting. One of the foundational principles is the realisation that â€Å"language is based on and is an extension of spoken language† thus it must be the starting point in the study of language (Cummins Davidson, 2007, p.859). However, in the latter part of the 20th century teachers did not pay careful attention on developing training strategies to teach language from a verbal standpoint. The reason for neglect was that â€Å"spoken language was seen as disorganised, ungrammatical, and formless and written language as highly structured and organised† (Cummins Davidson, 2007, p.860). This is the preferable course of action as one keeps in mind that in an EFL environment â€Å"there are only a few proficient speakers of English and there is no constant verbal interaction as in a native-speaking environment† (Lochtman Kappel, 2008, p.78). Discussion The acquisition of a second language hinges on different factors. The effectiveness of the teaching strategy used and the speed of acquisition depend on the proficiency of the teacher when it comes to using the English language as the medium of communication. It is also affected by the classroom environment and the cultural setting. But the most crucial factor is the appropriate use of language in order to facilitate learning. It has been discovered that the inappropriate use of language is based on the fact that teachers in an EFL classroom sometimes treat their students as if they are native speakers. A native speaker has a different mode of learning English because they have access to parents, teachers, and other people that are proficient in the English language. In the case of students studying English in a foreign land there is only one person that is proficient in the English language and he or she happens to be the teacher. The teacher therefore has to be sensitive to this fact. It is therefore important that the teacher be sensitive to the way he or she teaches especially when it comes to the appropriate use of language. The detection of errors and the measure of effectiveness can be achieved by using the SETT framework. This tool enables the teacher to evaluate â€Å"teacher-talk† by using strategies and methods that capture feedback and then evaluate the same. The use of audio recording devices and even videotape is an important took for this particular purpose. The use of the SETT framework can be made more effective if the teacher is aware of the four modes of learning strategies used in the EFL. By doing so the teacher would discover that the managerial mode is a problematic approach because it limits the capability of the teacher to evaluate â€Å"teacher-talk† and at the same time limits the ability of the teacher to determine the feedback coming from the students. This is based on the fact that the managerial mode encourages teacher to dominate the classroom discourse. The study of the four modes of teaching would reveal that the classroom context mode is the best way to promote learning. In this mode the students are allowed to participate. In this method of teaching the teacher enables the student to express themselves more effectively. At the same time it promotes oral fluency. If one thinks about it this is the main goal of teaching English to foreigners and it is to make them more fluent in the English language. Another interesting discovery in the discussion regarding the appropriate use of language is that the teacher cannot develop the correct materials or use the appropriate teaching method if the teacher does not enable collaboration between students and teachers and among themselves. It is easy to understand why students must be given time to express themselves in the classroom setting but it is another to consciously develop a strategy to allow them to speak by taking turns. The strategy of allowing them to speak in turns provides the ability to learn the language in a deeper way. If the students are merely allowed to speak on their own then there are nuances of the language that they are unable to detect and appreciate. But when they are allowed to talk with fellow students they uncover something that the teachers may not be able to discuss in class. Experts pointed out the fact that when students began to collaborate and discuss in the English language they begin pinpoint gaps in their knowledge. In the managerial mode of teaching and even in the materials mode of teaching the students are focused on the teacher and the materials. The goal is to mimic the teachers and at the same they are conscious of being able to copy the forms of the language displayed. As a result students become experts in mimicry such as copying the sounds made by the teacher or the ability to copy the letters of the English alphabet and yet when it comes to the things that really matter they fail. Students must not only be able to recite properly but they also have to fully understand the words that they are saying. They must not only be aware of the vague definition of the words that they are saying but also the different meanings of a word in different contexts. Experts agree that this can be done in a conversation. It is therefore crucial that teachers promote the spoken language as well as the written forms of communication. One of the most effective means to promote learning is to use situational problems that enable students among themselves. This is not just an ordinary discussion but structured interaction that allows them to focus on common words and then provide them the opportunity to use these words in a â€Å"real-world† context. There is a different feel when students discuss a scenario using the target words as opposed to simply reciting these words as the teacher flashed them in a projector or when these items are displayed in a visual presentation. By observing the students in collaborative exercises and by listening to feedback coming from different sources, the teacher identifies weaknesses in the teaching methodology. The teacher can then proceed to make adjustments and then repeats the process of evaluation. The goal is to improve the ability of the students to express themselves and to promote oral fluency. The students must be able to identify the meanings of the words in different contexts and use the words in a â€Å"real-world† setting. The conventional methodologies used in the past must be revised. The focus on materials and the way teachers dominate classroom discussion has been proven ineffective. Conclusion It is imperative that teachers are well aware of appropriate language use. They must realise that simply sticking to a plan does not produce students that are proficient in the English language. They must use all the available tools in order to evaluate â€Å"teacher-talk† and by doing so update their teaching techniques and strategies. Interestingly, the ability of the teacher to improve his or her skills in the use of appropriate language in an EFL environment is also dependent on the collaboration of teacher and students. Thus, it is also crucial that teacher allow students to speak in class and to interact with fellow students. It is only through these strategies that teachers are able to determine which areas they are deficient and then proceed to correct their errors. References Beaumont, M. T. O’Brien. (2000). Collaborative Research in Second Language Education. London: Trentham Books Ltd. Carter, R. (1995). Keywords in Language and Literacy. London: Routledge. Carter, R. D. Nunan. (2001). The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to Speakers of Other Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cummins, J. C. Davison. (2007). International Handbook of English Language Teaching. Part 1. UK: Springer Science. Housen, A. M. Pierrard. (2005). Investigations in Instructed Second Language Acquisition. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Lochtman, K. J. Kappel. (2008). The World a Global Village: Intercultural Competence in English Foreign Language Teaching. Brussels: VUBPress. Nunan, D. (1992). Collaborative Language Learning and Teaching. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press. Richards, J. T. Farrell. (2011). Practice Teaching: A Reflective Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Soler, E. (2008). Intercultural Language Use and Language Learning. UK: Springer Science. Walsh, S. (2003). Developing Interactional Awareness in the L2 Classroom. Journal of Language Awareness, 12(2), 124-142. Walsh, S. (2006). Investigating Classroom Discourse. Oxford: Routledge. Walsh, S. (2011). Exploring Classroom Discourse in Action. Oxford: Routledge. Wolfram, W., C. Temple, D. Christian. (1999). Dialects in Schools and Communities. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. How to cite Appropriate language use and Pedagogic purpose in EFL classrooms, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Analysis and Evaluation of the Case Study †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation of the Case Study? Answer: Introduction This report outlines analysis and evaluation of the case study, which is based on the aircraft company No name which need to focus on the culture, diversity management, training and the performance of the employees in the company. The case study reveals that the company has a very poor culture and difficult for the company to manage the diversity at a workplace. The training and development of the employees incur a cost to the company. This report will explain the many theories and concepts related to the organizational HRM, culture, Diversity management, performance management and the training and development of the employees, The employee satisfaction in the aircraft company is very important for the growth as they are the one who are responsible for the successful implementation of the activities in the organization(Nationals specification in Aviation Operations, 2012). However, for the companies it is a very difficult task to retain its employees for the longer period of time. In this report, all the theories related to human resource and the concepts of the performance management are explained in detail. The purpose of this report is to critically evaluate the case study based on the No Name aircraft company. The company is not performing well in all the aspects because of the poor workforce planning. There are some of the suggestions are also given in this report for the successful growth of the organization. Organizational HRM The organizational HRM depicts the organizational culture of the No name Company and as we study in the case study, there was a communication gap between the superiors and juniors. The organizational culture involves the hierarchy of the employees from line managers to lower level employees(Yangon, 2016). The communication between these employees is very important to deliver the quality product to its customers. Employees are the most important source in an organization and it is very important to keep them happy because if they are happy they will work with more enthusiasm and produce better results. Line Managers in No Name aircraft company keep on searching for strategies by which they can create a congenial environment in an organization because a positive environment has a very positive impact on employees and the outcome is improved. As in the above diagram, it has been shown that the cultural environment should be stable, people and outcome oriented, innovative and team oriented. The culture of the workplace should be improved by the aircraft companies to keep the employees free from stress and to deliver the best quality to its customers. A happy environment at job should be created to maximize the output of employees. The line managers in the No name company should understand what will help the employees to give their best output(Patton, 2015). Job enlargement is the strategy to increase the duties of the employees . However, there may be a possibility that the employees start leaving the organization because of the workload and it is very significant to retain them for the longer period of time. The no craft aircraft company may suffer into losses, if the employees left the organization, as the company spend a lot of money on the training of these employees. Thus, there should be a proper balance between the job enlargement and the retention of the employees. It is important to delegate the desired authority as well with the responsibility of the work because it will be an easy task to take the decisions. Moreover, the authority should be limited so that the employees will not able to take benefits of that authority. It is very important that employees should inform the line managers of the No Name aircraft company about the decisions taken by them. This will result into the productivity of the organization. However , that balance is important between the delegation of the authority and the accountability. (Green, et al., 2002).HR planning of No Name company includes brand image, training and development and performance management etc. and this planning is very important for line managers in the aircraft company to add value to the growth of the No Name Diversity Program The case study is based on the Australian workforce planning. It is very important for the companies like No name aircraft to launch the diversity programs at their organization to deal with the issues and problems of the employees. Nowadays, the companies hired a personnel to handle the diversity program in the organizations and the companies have no problem in paying them more because these programs help with the productivity and the success of the aircraft companies. The companies focus on the talents and skills that the employees have without putting concern about their background and culture they came from. (European Union, 2014). The organizations like No Name aircraft companies believe in the fact that people coming from different places have the different ideas and strategies in their minds and the companies can make a proper utilization of their ideas. The different type of ideas and the innovative plans are helpful for the working of the organization. In the No name aircraft company also, there are the employees who came from the different places and work in the company for the betterment of the organization. It is very necessary to respect their ideas, thoughts, of the people coming from different places. The big companies need to ready with the new innovative ideas to build a good image in front of the public. The companies should promote the young talent that will come up with new ideas to deal with the problems at the workplace like the safety of the customers as well as the quality of material used in the aircrafts etc. The diversity at the workplace also helps to provide the best solutions for the d elivery of the quality services to the customers. Moreover, while introducing the diversity programs at the workplace, it creates many problems also. The biggest problem is the rising of the insecurities among the employees of the No name aircraft company and these are rising continuously. Looking into the previous times, there are the companies who will not give attention to its employees having different backgrounds and they usually ignore by the companies and the employees start thinking various negative things in their minds(US Department of Commerce, 2011). This will automatically down the level of the profits in the organization and the productivity level also. Generally, it has been seen that the black people are not treated with respect in many countries as the other people are treated. The behavior of the company towards the employees should strictly prohibited by the management laws. The aircraft companies should not need to do the discrimination on the basis of the place, caste, religion, age, and color. This type of discrimination in the organization should be eradicated from the companies for the smooth running of the business. The major discrimination that was doing in the organizations is the gender discrimination. The males and females in the aircraft company should be treated equally with more respect and dignity(Cornell University, 2011). This is a very common concept that the women are considered to be lower than the men and it is also assumed that the females are very bad at doing the own business. However, with the passage of time the women are working more efficiently and effectively in the organizations as compared to the males. While doing the comparison between the two people, results into the negative impact. The people working in the organization should also be clear about their roles and responsibilities and perform well for the successof the organization. These are the major problems which need to be eliminated as soon as possisible from the organization. Not only in Australia, but also from all over the world that discrimination should be eliminated as it has a very negative impact on the society. Apart of this, the discrimination also leads to the issues in the recruitment processes of the Aircraft companies and lowers down the success rate because of the dissatisfaction of the employees in the company. T o rise in the economy, it is very important to remove these problems from the society.(Winograd Mallett, 2008). International performance management Performance management means managing the performance of the employees. Every individual in the organization is required to be judged on the basis of performance and according to their performance the monetary or non-monetary awards should be given to the employees to motivate them and to build a long term relation with the employees.The no name aircraft company should also distribute the profits of the company among the workers for the successful working of the employees. The bonus is also distributed by many companies on the basis of the year, half year or quarterly depending upon the type of company. Performance management stands for the process with the help of which companies make sure that their employees are working properly towards the organizational goals and measure their performance(Boeing Frontiers, 2009). The employee appraisal is very important in every sector if their performance in the company is extraordinary. In this case study, the author categorized the performanc e management process into 3 parts such as planning, supporting and reviewing performance in aircraft company. Figure 1 Performance management process In the first phase of the process all the effects and consequences are considered to set the objectives at organizational as well as individual level in the quality care of the aircrafts. Secondly, all the employees need motivation to perform well in the aircraft company and they need some suggestions at this stage. The behavior of the employees needs to be correct to meet the expectations. Talking about the last stage by the author is the most important stage as it involves the effects review and feedback. The performance review ends with the evaluation of the previous effects of the performances of the employees in caring the quality of the aircrafts(Management, 1997). Looking forward to the future and to improve the management of aircraft services and it is very important to take care of all the factors that are associated with the customers. In this case study, author also state some of the improvements that are needed for the No name aircraft companyin coming years. Firstof all, it is very important to communicate with the customers and line managers to get some suggestions and make changes in the policies according to the customer requirement. Performance indicator like unnecessary medication, medication error, unnecessary diagnostic tests can lead to quality management of the aircraft companies because they help in finding out where the Aircraft system is doing unfair things and things that are not required by the customers. By making sure that no such unfair things are done or followed we can ensure quality management to customers who look forward to Aircraft companies. Only by keeping a check on these can we assure quality management on beha lf of the Aircraft company. Training and Development The training and development is necessary for the employees as in the case study, it is analyzed that No name company is very poor in workforce planning and giving training to the employees shifting to China and Vietnam organizations for the work in the company. The training to the employees of the organization involves the guidance and the procedure to work in the organization and focus on how to increase the profits of the No Name. The training is not for the particular age group, this is for all the employees working in No name company either old age or younger one. From the case study, it is clear that the older employees are not able to handle the new techniques as Aircraft company has taken a new image and cabin crew needs to be very proficient in technical as well professional things(Noe, 2011). In Last, Training of employees helps to give better results. The career plans of the employees in the company should be clear to them so that they will survive in the companies for the longer period of time. The career development is very important for the employees working in the Australian Aircraft company.The training o the employees helps them to enhance their knowledge as well as skills. The expert person should be hired for the training purposes and it is the duty of the expert professionals to clear all the doubts of the employees. As it is clear from the case study that there are many employees who shifted to work in China and Vietnam , so their training is must perform well in the other countries(Nfila, 2005). Recommendations In the above report, its clear that the aircraft company should take some remedial steps as the company is not doing well in the management and planning of the organizations. The growth of the company depends on the proper planning and its management. The company should take care of the needs and the expectations of the employees from the company. Some of the suggestions and recommendations after the analysis of the case study for the No Name aircraft company is as below- The company should build a strong organizational structure to improve the communication between the line managers and its employees(Marquis, 2012). It is suggested that the company should focus on the performances of the employees and offer them rewards as per the performance. It is also recommended for the NoName aircraft company to build a strong environment for offering the training and development procedures to overcome the shortcoming of the employees The unfair practices if found in the organization, then the line managers should take a hard step to eliminate these things. The comparison of the actual results and the anticipated results should be done to identify the level of the performance of the employees and then the monetary or non monetary rewards should be offer to them accordingly. Diversity at workplace needs full attention of the organization and the company should eliminate the discrimination by creating some rules and regulations for all the employees and treat every individual in the organization equally. Conclusion It is concluded from the above that the No name aircraft company is facing many issues related to the Human resource management, performance management and the diversity management at the organization. The company should need to improve all the management policies as well as workforce planning to perform well and to deliver the best quality to the customers. The safety in the aircraft companies is the major issue and the safety of the customers as well as for the employees is must.In this report, all the theories and the concepts of the human resource management are discussed in this report. The line managers in the Aircraft are the one who is accountable to manage the team and should manage all the tasks and programs in the company. The managers are the one who will be responsible for all the planning activities to handle the situations. This can be done by doing surveys and analyzing the results by comparing the actual results with the forecasted results. The managers should apply the strategies and implement some plans to remove the problems from the workplace and to get better results. The training is must to adapt the people coming from different places. References Boeing Frontiers, 2009. 20 tips to boost your performance, Available at: https://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2009/may/mainfeature.pdf Cornell University, 2011. 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Human Resources in the Aviation Industry, Available at: https://qualifications.pearson.com/content/dam/pdf/BTEC-Nationals/Aviation-Operations/2010/Specification/U12-HRAI.pdf Nfila, C., 2005. Training Needs Analysis For Bachibanga Company in Botswana, Available at: https://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2005/2005nfilac.pdf Noe, R., 2011. Employee Training and Development, Available at: https://serverlib.moe.gov.ir/documents/10157/42675/Employee+Training+and+Development.pdf Patton, J., 2015. Human Resource Management (HRM) in the Aviation Industry. The Journal of Global Business Management, April, 11(1), pp. 1-12. US Department of Commerce, 2011. Best practices in achieving workforce diversity, Available at: https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/workforce-diversity.pdf Winograd, M. Mallett, R., 2008. Best practices in achieving workforce diversity, Available at: https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/workforce-diversity.pdf Yangon, 2016. 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