Monday, December 30, 2019

Essay about Apple Inc. Financial Analysis - 2812 Words

APPLE Inc. (AAPL) Accounting and Financial Profile [pic] Name Sachitanand Karnakote Choong Chee Lai Lei Qiu Alcides Santopietro Denisa Voicu September 2008 Contents Introduction 2 The company and its activities 2 Industry Competition 2 Recommendation 3 Accounting choices and Quality of Earnings 4 Ratios analysis 6 Liquidity: 6 Solvency: 7 Profitability: 8 Market: 8 Relevant Disclosures 9 Risks 9 Analysis of Apple Inc. corporate strategy 10 Introduction Our group decided to analyse the company Apple Inc., listed on Nasdaq Market as AAPL. The analysis was mainly based on the annual financial report of the company for the fiscal year ended on September 29th 2007. Apple Inc. is today one of the most†¦show more content†¦| |Revenues |Gross Margin |Net Income |EBITDA |Total Assets | |Quick Ration (MRQ) |2.98 |1.02 |1.85 |2.12 |1.02 | |LT Dept to Equity (MRQ) |0.00 |17.22 |20.01 |16.87 |110.98 | Table 1.Apple; Hewlett- Packard - FINANCIAL STRENGTH, source: Reuters Liquidity: |Table 2 |Quick |Current Ratio|Accounts collection period of accounts |Average number of days inventory | | |Ratio | |receivable(days) |on hand | |2006 |1.76 |2.25 |23.7 |7.18 | In 2007, total assets have increased significantly by 48% from 2006. Current assets are 86.62% of total assets in 2007, up from 84.33% in 2006. From the trend over the last 5 years (2003-2007), Cash and Cash Equivalents (CCE) have grown strongly by 175% while total current assets have grown significantly by 273% in the same period. This growth in current assets is also reflected in Apple’s Quick Ratio and Current Ratio which have improved marginally in 2007 to 1.83 and 2.36 respectively. Apple`s ratios are favorable compared to its competitors, e.g.Show MoreRelatedFinancial Analysis of Apple Inc.795 Words   |  4 PagesFinancial Analysis (Submitted by) Abstract The following paper aims at discussing the financial position of the American multinational corporation, Apple inc., which designs and markets consumer electronics, computers and personal computers mobile communication devices, and portable digital music and video players, as well as sells various related software, services, peripherals, and networking solutions. Apple Inc. together with subsidiaries sells its products worldwide through its onlineRead MoreFinancial Analysis of Apple, Inc.2114 Words   |  9 PagesCompany Background Apple, Inc. (formerly known as Apple Computer, Inc.) was incorporated in the State of California in 1977. Apple currently designs, manufactures, and markets a variety of computer and personal electronic products, including Macintosh computers, and the iPod digital music player. 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The evaluation is based on the numbers calculated from the data on Apple Inc.’s Financial Performance Worksheets. This paper covers three areas. The first part of the paper contains a brief history of Apple and the position of the organization in the market of computers. The second part is a calculation of Apple s performance and the reasons for their success. Finally, a conclusionRead MoreFina ncial Analysis Of Apple, Inc. Essay1861 Words   |  8 PagesCompany Background Apple, Inc. (formerly known as Apple Computer, Inc.) was incorporated in the State of California in 1977. Apple currently designs, manufactures, and markets a variety of computer and personal electronic products, including Macintosh computers, and the iPod digital music player. AppleÕs key markets are consumers, creative professionals, educational institutions, and business users. For nearly twenty years, Apple computers have been the industry standard for creative industriesRead MoreEssay on Financial Analysis of Apple, Inc.1980 Words   |  8 PagesWhen looking at the financial performance of a company, it is important to examine the financial ratios. There are several different classifications of financial ratios. Profitability ratios show the profitability of the company. Liquidity ratios deal with the current assets and current liabilities of the company, and they determine how the company is performing with their liquid finances. Leverage ratios deal with the company’s debt, and how they affect performance. Activity ratios deal with a company’sRead MoreA Financial Ratio Quarterly Trend Analysis of Apple, Inc.3198 Words   |  13 PagesA Financial Ratio Quarterly Trend Analysis of Apple, Inc. Stock Symbol: AAPL Listed on NASDAQ Prepared for: Department of Finance and Real Estate Florida International University In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course: By: Introduction This report provides a financial quarterly trend analysis for Apple Inc. The U.S. based company (formerly Apple Computer, Inc.) is an American multinational corporation that designs and sells consumer electronics, computerRead MoreApple Inc vs. Philips: Financial Analysis996 Words   |  4 Pagesaccording to Weygandt, Kimmel and Kieso (2009), dictates that companies recognize revenue in the accounting period in which it is earned. The reporting of revenue generally affects not only the results of the operations of a given entity but also its financial position. In that regard, the relevance of understanding both the concepts as well as practices of revenue recognition cannot be overstated. In the words of Nikolai, Bazley and Jones (2009), revenues should be recognized when (1) realization hasRead MoreApple Inc: Analysis of Financial Statement Essay examples2094 Words   |  9 PagesAn Analysis of the Financial Statements of Apple Intermediate Accounting III INTRODUCTION I chose Apple for my course project mainly based on the fact that they release all their records to the public and they have excellent accounting practices. Their paper work is easy to read and follow and based on their records they have an endless amount of revenue in the billions. As we have discussed about Apple in class I was very intrigued how they looked in the books on a specific level of detailRead More Apple Inc. Financial Analysis Case Study Essay examples3623 Words   |  15 Pages Apple Inc.’s Financial Analysis case study will cover the nine-step assessment process to evaluate the company’s future financial health. The nine-step evaluation process will entail the following: 1) Fundamental analysis covers objectives, plan of action, market, competing technology, and governing and operational traits, 2) Fundamental analysis-revenue direction, 3) Investments to support the firm’s entities action plan, 4) Forthcoming profit and competitive accomplishment, 5) Forthcoming

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Introduction Of Islam And The Environment - 1665 Words

Introduction to Islam and the Environment A few problems we face in the world today include harmful ozone layer destruction, unmanageable global warming, disgustingly high levels of pollution, dangerously high rates of natural resource depletion, and extinction at astronomical rates. The effect of these issues includes destruction of our trees and plants, food shortages, higher risk of natural disasters, higher risk of unclean water, and a higher risk of cancer (Environmental Problems). These obvious issues have been ravaging our earth for much too long and it is time that people begin to step up and embrace environmental sustainability. While there are groups and foundations working towards creating a more sustainable earth, more active†¦show more content†¦With a following that includes 23% of the world population, Islam as a whole has the potential to influence over one billion people to act a certain way. Although 100% of the people in the world are Islamic, everyone has the ability to utilize Muslim practices a nd principles in order to address climate change and environmental degradation. Some behaviors that should be more common include recycling, conserving energy and natural resources, use carbon emitting vehicles/machines less, and simply to plant more trees. These activities, which go along with a few of the basic aspects of Islamic thought and practice, could potentially have a huge impact on the world when followed by large amounts of people. Due to the gravity of the issues and the consequences that are already beginning to occur, the emphasis on environmental sustainability needs to begin soon, and those who disagree need to join the cause unless they enjoy watching their friends and family experience sickness, disaster, and death. Problem Facing the World Today There are thirty-four countries in the world that are both advanced agriculturally and predominantly Muslim. These thirty-four Islamic nations account for about 21% of the world’s land surface and about 15% of its cropped area. While the agricultural sector has been a pivotal part of Islamic life for hundreds of years, the practice is becoming more and more difficult. In regards to agriculture today, Lynn White states

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Appropriate language use and Pedagogic purpose in EFL classrooms Free Essays

string(131) " fellow teachers that are also part of an EFL program shares the challenges and the triumphs that they had faced in the classroom\." Introduction Language is the only key that could open the doors of a particular culture when it comes to accessing its treasure trove of literature, history, and philosophy. It is impossible to know more about a people group’s way of life, if an outsider is unable to grasp the basic rudiments of their language. It would be impossible to understand how a certain society has been formed and how it is being sustained without a basic ability to use the language. We will write a custom essay sample on Appropriate language use and Pedagogic purpose in EFL classrooms or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is the code breaker, an interpreter and investigative tool rolled into one. When it comes to the English language its importance goes beyond that of a code breaker and interpreter because it is the lingua franca of the modern age. The one who can speak the language does not only have access to the culture of the English speaking world; the person proficient in the said language also have the capability to create a massive network that spans all over the globe. This is due to the fact that English is spoken by many hundreds of millions of people. The person desiring to learn English must seek out an institution or a teacher that knows the importance of using appropriate language based on pedagogic purposes. Before going any further it is important to point out that the existence of superb curriculum and a set of effective teaching techniques have no value unless a passionate and knowledgeable teacher comes along to pick up and use these tools. These are just tools and nothing more. It is the teacher with dedication and clear understanding of his or her purpose that can infuse energy and intelligence into an EFL classroom making it an effective place for learning a second or even third language. It all begins with the realization that the teacher has the power to change the learning environment depending on the need. The teacher is not only the drill sergeant but also the coordinator, dictating the pace of the learning process while at the same time expertly using all the resources at his or her disposal to create a particular classroom dynamic that increases the capability of the students to learn and master a foreign language. Although the teacher has mastered the English language to such an extent that he can teach it to others does not mean to say that the teacher is the centre of the EFL classroom universe. It is crucial to appreciate the importance of collaboration. It is always advantageous to work with other English teachers. But more importantly it is imperative to be kept abreast of new teaching practices. One of the most helpful is the idea that teachers learn to use appropriate language in EFL classrooms. The key word here is context. The following are some of the definitions of context such as: â€Å"the part of a text or statement that surrounds a particular word or passage and determines meaning† (Walsh, 2011, p.24). The second definition focuses on the circumstances in which an event occurs; a setting (Walsh, year, p.24). And the third definition is states as the â€Å"parts of a piece of writing, speech, etc., that precede and follow a word or passage and contribute to its full meaning† (Walsh, 2011, p.24). Appropriate Language Use in EFL classrooms The most important skill to develop is the ability to use appropriate â€Å"teacher talk†, which is the speech that is comprehensible to the students but not oversimplified (Richards Farrell, 2011, p.16). The assertion that it is imperative for EFL teachers to use appropriate language may be confusing at first glance. The objective of learning institution like EFL is to teach the English language to a non-native speaker. Naturally, the teachers would have to use the English language as a medium of instruction. Thus, it requires clarification when scholars pointed out the need to evaluate the language use in the classrooms. Upon close examination the meaning of the phrase â€Å"appropriate language use† has to be interpreted in the context of EFL. It is the use of metalanguage to teach another language. In this case metalanguage can also be symbols and other expressions that the teachers can use with other teachers to help them evaluate the teaching style. The metalanguage can be seen as common language shared by teachers in EFL and this can be used to unify all the strategies and techniques. Problems are to be expected if teachers cannot find common ground and the â€Å"lack of an agreed metalanguage makes the processes of comparison and generalisation practically impossible, as the constructs used have different meanings† (Walsh, 2011, p.109). A metalanguage can be developed using a research tool called the self-evaluation of teacher talk or SETT (Walsh, 2006, p.133). This is a framework that can be constructed by teachers or administrators to evaluate teacher talk or how they interact with their students (Housen Pierrard, 2005, p.217). An example of SETT framework is the use of audio-recordings of what transpired within an EFL classroom. In other cases teachers uses video cameras to record the activities within the classroom. Aside from using the SETT framework, teachers must engage in reflective practices with other colleague or professionals in order to clearly evaluate teaching techniques and strategies in an EFL environment (Walsh, 2011, p.147). Another way to discover the appropriate language for EFL is to carefully analyse feedback coming from students, fellow teachers, and collaborative teams. The students are the primary source of feedback. The teacher does something in the classroom and he or she immediately sees the reaction of the student. This comes in the form of a questions, a confused expression on their faces, or the excitement of learning as evidenced by their happy chatter. Feedback also comes from the results of exams and various tests to determine student progress. Another way to benefit from feedback is to learn from the experience of other teachers. In the faculty room or in other formal meeting fellow teachers that are also part of an EFL program shares the challenges and the triumphs that they had faced in the classroom. You read "Appropriate language use and Pedagogic purpose in EFL classrooms" in category "Essay examples" There are also occasions when a more experienced EFL instructor gets to observe another while teaching and offers a feedback regarding on areas that requires improvement. One expert pointed out the reason for doing collaborative work and he wrote that collaborators â€Å"may wish to create an environment in which learners, teacher and researchers are teaching and learning from each other in an equitable way (a trend which is enhanced by the growing interest in action research); or they may wish to experiment with ways of incorporating principles of learner-centredness into their programs† (Nunan, 1992, p.162). One way to apply the principles inherent in collaboration is to create teaching teams. If ESL teachers opt to create one the best way to start is to choose what kind of team the collaborators needed. The following are some of the common types of teams: a) Team Leader Type; b) Associate Type; c) Master Teacher/Beginner Teacher; and d) Coordinated Team Type (Nunan, 1992, p.163). In the Team Leader Type one of the team members has a higher status as compared to the others. Thus, the team leader may have a title given to her to formalise the formation of the team and he or she acts as the overseer as well as provide the general direction the team is headed. The Associate Type there is no in the team that has special status and any useful information generated by the team is the result of interaction among equals. The Master Teacher / Beginner Teacher is like assigning a mentor to a new teacher. This is also an effective tool because it speeds up the learning process especially when it comes to finding out the appropriate language to be used within an EFL classroom. The only drawback to this type of collaboration is that it does not add value to the veteran teacher. The Coordinated Team Type does not focus on the creation of joint responsibility, instead it is the sharing of resources by two different teachers assigned to teach two different groups of students. Aside from student feedbacks and the teaching tips that one can receive from fellow teachers, another way to analyse feedback is to develop a collaborative geared towards learning more about appropriate language use. Team work in this case provides a better chance of discovering flaws in teaching since it is a concerted effort. Efficiency in the learning process can be achieved making it easier to change teaching style to produce more satisfactory results. Appropriate language used must be top priority because teachers may have a false understanding of the real marks of success. The teacher may come to believe that if he or she has completed all the lessons that must be taught in a given time frame then that is the mark of progress. The real measurement for success is the ability of students to communicate effectively and oral fluency in the English language. This must be the standard. The failure of appropriate language use is based on the inability of teachers to evaluate their skills and the needs of their students. It is therefore crucial to have tools that would inform the teachers on the areas that they need to improve on. At the same time they need to know the weakness of their students. And finally they need to develop appropriate teaching methodologies to increase their efficiency. Pedagogic Purposes The use of the SETT framework is made more effective if the teachers are aware that there are four major modes of learning strategies that can be employed in the classroom and these are: a) managerial mode; b) materials mode; c) skills and systems mode; and d) classroom context mode (Walsh, 2003, p.3). The pedagogic goals of the managerial mode is to transmit information. This is achieved by having an extended teaching turn and the negative result is the absence of contribution from the students. The materials mode’s pedagogic goal on the other hand is to elicit response to a particular material. This is achieved by the extensive use of display questions and the use of scaffolding. The skills and systems mode on the other hand focuses on the need to enable students to produce correct form. This is also achieved by allowing teacher to dominate the discourse. The classroom context mode has a different pedagogic goals than the other three because its emphasis is to enable the students to express themselves clearly and to establish a context. This is why the strategy used is extensive learner turns. One of the factors that enable people to master a particular language or a local dialect is described as the â€Å"exposure to rich and contextually appropriate input† that resulted in the development of pragmatic competence in the said target language (Soler, 2008, p.45). This is what happens when a child learns the predominant language used in the home. The child observes the facial expressions and listens to the conversation made by adults. For instance, in a dinner table the father gestures to a plate of food and utters the request to pass the plate to him and the child takes note of the language used in that particular event. At the same time the child mimics the adults, speaking the same words and he or she receives feedback. In both instances one can see a contextually appropriate input that facilitates the learning process. In the case of the person learning a foreign language within the four walls of a classroom, the same environment that produces contextually appropriate input is usually absent. As a result there is a need to recreate the same experience in a practical manner. Thus, there are many practitioners in the field of EFL that are happy about the use of audiovisual materials. In this way the EFL teacher can provide learners with â€Å"samples of appropriate language use in a variety of contexts† (Soler, 2008, p.245). The problem is made more evident when a foreign language teacher attempts to teach English using conventional methods. One conventional approach is the use of a dictionary to learn new words. The weakness of this approach was summarised by a foreign language (FL) expert who wrote that a child learning his native tongue is â€Å"exposed to words in a variety of different contexts, and can so from a well-rounded concept of both the word’s meaning and its use †¦ there are also many excellent human dictionaries in the form of parents and teachers, who are frequently asked to give explanations for new words† (Lochtman Kappel, 2008, p.78). The same cannot be said in an EFL environment where the students usually know one person able to speak the language in a proficient manner. Thus, they can only interact with this person on a limited basis hampering the speed and efficiency of the learning process. The teachers must be trained in the principles of interactional awareness (Cummins Davidson, 2007, p.954). There is also the need to promote activities that would help teachers detect errors in language use (ibid). At the same time there is the need to encourage teachers to study the theories that supports their pedagogical practice (ibid). It is also important to look at the cultural context of the classroom because culture creates the frame for viewing interaction (Wolfram, Adger, Christian, 1999, p.84). Appropriate Language Use in Conjunction with EFL classroom techniques Before going any further it is important to point out that English is both the focus of learning as well as the medium of instruction. This stems from the fact that â€Å"English is both the target of learning as well as the medium of teaching† (Richards Farrell, 2011 p.16). It is therefore crucial that proficiency in this language is the top priority of the teachers. According to experts, â€Å"It will influence many crucial aspects of teaching such as the ability to provide good language models (Richards Farrell, 2011, p.16). After teachers are aware of their need to improve proficiency the next step is to determine appropriate language usage in the EFL classroom. The use of the SETT framework enables the teachers to detect errors and to improve the language use in the classroom. But it was also discovered by experts that the ability to develop appropriate language is not only based on what the teachers have learned from the feedback coming from colleagues or even experts in the field of second language acquisition. Interestingly the enhancement of teaching techniques when it comes to appropriate use of language can only be achieved if the teacher allows student participation. In this regard it is time to seriously consider the managerial mode of teaching and allow students to participate more in discussion. It is therefore important to allow them to speak and to encourage the learning of the spoken language first before mastering written communication. Experts are saying that it was only recently that there was a renewed interest and awareness of the â€Å"importance of the study of spoken language and a realization that this study is essential for any real understanding of actual language use† (Cummins Davidson, 2007, p.860). Aside from these benefits the preference of student-teacher discourse as to written communication in learning a second language is based on the insight that each language has its own â€Å"preferred strategies for aural decoding† (Carter Nunan, 2001, p.8). This is crucial in an EFL classroom when there is the realisation that the ability to speak fluently in English is one of the signs that a program has been a success. Just to clarify the following are the four fundamental properties of spoken language and underscores the importance of encouraging verbal interaction in the classroom and these are: Phonological system: the phonemes used in a particular language; Phonotactic rules: the sound sequences that a language allows to make up syllables; Tone melodies: the characteristic variation in high, low, rising and falling tones to indicate lexical or discourse meanings; The stress system; the way in which lexical stress is fixed within an utterance (Carter Nunan, 2001, p.8). One of the ways to apply insights about spoken language in the EFL classroom is to utilise the turn-taking technique. According to practitioners teachers and students can learn from observing people conversing and using turn-taking as a process of communication. This enhances the teachers’ ability to evaluate teacher-talk. One of the most important developments with regards to the need for appropriate language use in EFL is the creation of a teaching methodology known as task-based language teaching or TBLT. This was derived from Communicative Language Teaching and the main purpose was to â€Å"bring ‘real-world’ contexts into the classroom, and it emphasises the use of language for completing tasks rather than as a focus for study† (Walsh, 2011, p.26). By using TBLT, the students are able to interact with others and enhance the learning process when it comes to the acquisition of a foreign language. It simulates what happens in the real world where people use language not to study it but to accomplish a task. In the course of using TBLT techniques such as oral communicative tasks students are able to identify gaps in their knowledge as well as â€Å"notice connections between different linguistic features, find ways of saying something even when they do not have the most appropriate language, and so on† (Walsh, 2011, p.27). A good example of a BLTB inspired communicative task is to assign students into groups and give them a situational problem that they need to solve. One of the best examples is the situational problem involving the crash of a light-aircraft in a remote island in the Pacific. The two passengers survived but they have to choose wisely what to bring with them as they leave the plane and walk towards the clearing or the shore. The items are: parachute; knife; flashlight; matches; mobile phone; mobile phone charger; notebook; pencil; shaving kit; make-up kit; one apple; cigarettes; a bottle of lotion; airplane radio; and a bottle of water. The instructions further states that they can only bring five items with them. The items are words that they encounter in their readings or words commonly used in the real-world conversation and by engaging themselves in this problem solving exercise they go beyond mere memorisation of the words and learning the definition. Their minds are engaged in a deeper level and therefore learning is enhanced in a manner that can never be duplicated in a simple classroom type discourse. It is also important to provide opportunities for students â€Å"for interactive and collaborative uses of language among learners† (Richards Farrell, 2011, p.16). According to one practitioner in the field of intercultural language use a communicative methodology is to â€Å"acquire the necessary skills to communicate in socially and culturally appropriate ways, and, in the learning process, focus should be placed on functions, role playing and the real situations, among other aspects† (Soler, 2008, p.59). â€Å"Play has been noted as valuable in helping pupils’ development of oracy and literacy skills †¦ the normal practice during structured play sessions was to encourage pupils to respond to their experiences using the language at their disposal at the time† (Beaumont O’Brien, 2000, p.16). An example of structured play is when students are told to participate in a make-believe game where they are supposed to buy fruits and vegetables from a shopkeeper. Thus, instead of just teaching them about fruits and vegetables and showing these items in visual presentation format, the students are now able to exercise the ability to use the language in a practical matter. It can also be argued that the structured play enables them to participate in manner that is more intense as compared to sitting back and merely listening to the teachers speak. In this type of scenario the students learn more than just the words but also the feel of the language when spoken in a natural setting. One of the foundational principles is the realisation that â€Å"language is based on and is an extension of spoken language† thus it must be the starting point in the study of language (Cummins Davidson, 2007, p.859). However, in the latter part of the 20th century teachers did not pay careful attention on developing training strategies to teach language from a verbal standpoint. The reason for neglect was that â€Å"spoken language was seen as disorganised, ungrammatical, and formless and written language as highly structured and organised† (Cummins Davidson, 2007, p.860). This is the preferable course of action as one keeps in mind that in an EFL environment â€Å"there are only a few proficient speakers of English and there is no constant verbal interaction as in a native-speaking environment† (Lochtman Kappel, 2008, p.78). Discussion The acquisition of a second language hinges on different factors. The effectiveness of the teaching strategy used and the speed of acquisition depend on the proficiency of the teacher when it comes to using the English language as the medium of communication. It is also affected by the classroom environment and the cultural setting. But the most crucial factor is the appropriate use of language in order to facilitate learning. It has been discovered that the inappropriate use of language is based on the fact that teachers in an EFL classroom sometimes treat their students as if they are native speakers. A native speaker has a different mode of learning English because they have access to parents, teachers, and other people that are proficient in the English language. In the case of students studying English in a foreign land there is only one person that is proficient in the English language and he or she happens to be the teacher. The teacher therefore has to be sensitive to this fact. It is therefore important that the teacher be sensitive to the way he or she teaches especially when it comes to the appropriate use of language. The detection of errors and the measure of effectiveness can be achieved by using the SETT framework. This tool enables the teacher to evaluate â€Å"teacher-talk† by using strategies and methods that capture feedback and then evaluate the same. The use of audio recording devices and even videotape is an important took for this particular purpose. The use of the SETT framework can be made more effective if the teacher is aware of the four modes of learning strategies used in the EFL. By doing so the teacher would discover that the managerial mode is a problematic approach because it limits the capability of the teacher to evaluate â€Å"teacher-talk† and at the same time limits the ability of the teacher to determine the feedback coming from the students. This is based on the fact that the managerial mode encourages teacher to dominate the classroom discourse. The study of the four modes of teaching would reveal that the classroom context mode is the best way to promote learning. In this mode the students are allowed to participate. In this method of teaching the teacher enables the student to express themselves more effectively. At the same time it promotes oral fluency. If one thinks about it this is the main goal of teaching English to foreigners and it is to make them more fluent in the English language. Another interesting discovery in the discussion regarding the appropriate use of language is that the teacher cannot develop the correct materials or use the appropriate teaching method if the teacher does not enable collaboration between students and teachers and among themselves. It is easy to understand why students must be given time to express themselves in the classroom setting but it is another to consciously develop a strategy to allow them to speak by taking turns. The strategy of allowing them to speak in turns provides the ability to learn the language in a deeper way. If the students are merely allowed to speak on their own then there are nuances of the language that they are unable to detect and appreciate. But when they are allowed to talk with fellow students they uncover something that the teachers may not be able to discuss in class. Experts pointed out the fact that when students began to collaborate and discuss in the English language they begin pinpoint gaps in their knowledge. In the managerial mode of teaching and even in the materials mode of teaching the students are focused on the teacher and the materials. The goal is to mimic the teachers and at the same they are conscious of being able to copy the forms of the language displayed. As a result students become experts in mimicry such as copying the sounds made by the teacher or the ability to copy the letters of the English alphabet and yet when it comes to the things that really matter they fail. Students must not only be able to recite properly but they also have to fully understand the words that they are saying. They must not only be aware of the vague definition of the words that they are saying but also the different meanings of a word in different contexts. Experts agree that this can be done in a conversation. It is therefore crucial that teachers promote the spoken language as well as the written forms of communication. One of the most effective means to promote learning is to use situational problems that enable students among themselves. This is not just an ordinary discussion but structured interaction that allows them to focus on common words and then provide them the opportunity to use these words in a â€Å"real-world† context. There is a different feel when students discuss a scenario using the target words as opposed to simply reciting these words as the teacher flashed them in a projector or when these items are displayed in a visual presentation. By observing the students in collaborative exercises and by listening to feedback coming from different sources, the teacher identifies weaknesses in the teaching methodology. The teacher can then proceed to make adjustments and then repeats the process of evaluation. The goal is to improve the ability of the students to express themselves and to promote oral fluency. The students must be able to identify the meanings of the words in different contexts and use the words in a â€Å"real-world† setting. The conventional methodologies used in the past must be revised. The focus on materials and the way teachers dominate classroom discussion has been proven ineffective. Conclusion It is imperative that teachers are well aware of appropriate language use. They must realise that simply sticking to a plan does not produce students that are proficient in the English language. They must use all the available tools in order to evaluate â€Å"teacher-talk† and by doing so update their teaching techniques and strategies. Interestingly, the ability of the teacher to improve his or her skills in the use of appropriate language in an EFL environment is also dependent on the collaboration of teacher and students. Thus, it is also crucial that teacher allow students to speak in class and to interact with fellow students. It is only through these strategies that teachers are able to determine which areas they are deficient and then proceed to correct their errors. References Beaumont, M. T. O’Brien. (2000). Collaborative Research in Second Language Education. London: Trentham Books Ltd. Carter, R. (1995). Keywords in Language and Literacy. London: Routledge. Carter, R. D. Nunan. (2001). The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to Speakers of Other Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cummins, J. C. Davison. (2007). International Handbook of English Language Teaching. Part 1. UK: Springer Science. Housen, A. M. Pierrard. (2005). Investigations in Instructed Second Language Acquisition. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Lochtman, K. J. Kappel. (2008). The World a Global Village: Intercultural Competence in English Foreign Language Teaching. Brussels: VUBPress. Nunan, D. (1992). Collaborative Language Learning and Teaching. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press. Richards, J. T. Farrell. (2011). Practice Teaching: A Reflective Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Soler, E. (2008). Intercultural Language Use and Language Learning. UK: Springer Science. Walsh, S. (2003). Developing Interactional Awareness in the L2 Classroom. Journal of Language Awareness, 12(2), 124-142. Walsh, S. (2006). Investigating Classroom Discourse. Oxford: Routledge. Walsh, S. (2011). Exploring Classroom Discourse in Action. Oxford: Routledge. Wolfram, W., C. Temple, D. Christian. (1999). Dialects in Schools and Communities. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. How to cite Appropriate language use and Pedagogic purpose in EFL classrooms, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Analysis and Evaluation of the Case Study †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation of the Case Study? Answer: Introduction This report outlines analysis and evaluation of the case study, which is based on the aircraft company No name which need to focus on the culture, diversity management, training and the performance of the employees in the company. The case study reveals that the company has a very poor culture and difficult for the company to manage the diversity at a workplace. The training and development of the employees incur a cost to the company. This report will explain the many theories and concepts related to the organizational HRM, culture, Diversity management, performance management and the training and development of the employees, The employee satisfaction in the aircraft company is very important for the growth as they are the one who are responsible for the successful implementation of the activities in the organization(Nationals specification in Aviation Operations, 2012). However, for the companies it is a very difficult task to retain its employees for the longer period of time. In this report, all the theories related to human resource and the concepts of the performance management are explained in detail. The purpose of this report is to critically evaluate the case study based on the No Name aircraft company. The company is not performing well in all the aspects because of the poor workforce planning. There are some of the suggestions are also given in this report for the successful growth of the organization. Organizational HRM The organizational HRM depicts the organizational culture of the No name Company and as we study in the case study, there was a communication gap between the superiors and juniors. The organizational culture involves the hierarchy of the employees from line managers to lower level employees(Yangon, 2016). The communication between these employees is very important to deliver the quality product to its customers. Employees are the most important source in an organization and it is very important to keep them happy because if they are happy they will work with more enthusiasm and produce better results. Line Managers in No Name aircraft company keep on searching for strategies by which they can create a congenial environment in an organization because a positive environment has a very positive impact on employees and the outcome is improved. As in the above diagram, it has been shown that the cultural environment should be stable, people and outcome oriented, innovative and team oriented. The culture of the workplace should be improved by the aircraft companies to keep the employees free from stress and to deliver the best quality to its customers. A happy environment at job should be created to maximize the output of employees. The line managers in the No name company should understand what will help the employees to give their best output(Patton, 2015). Job enlargement is the strategy to increase the duties of the employees . However, there may be a possibility that the employees start leaving the organization because of the workload and it is very significant to retain them for the longer period of time. The no craft aircraft company may suffer into losses, if the employees left the organization, as the company spend a lot of money on the training of these employees. Thus, there should be a proper balance between the job enlargement and the retention of the employees. It is important to delegate the desired authority as well with the responsibility of the work because it will be an easy task to take the decisions. Moreover, the authority should be limited so that the employees will not able to take benefits of that authority. It is very important that employees should inform the line managers of the No Name aircraft company about the decisions taken by them. This will result into the productivity of the organization. However , that balance is important between the delegation of the authority and the accountability. (Green, et al., 2002).HR planning of No Name company includes brand image, training and development and performance management etc. and this planning is very important for line managers in the aircraft company to add value to the growth of the No Name Diversity Program The case study is based on the Australian workforce planning. It is very important for the companies like No name aircraft to launch the diversity programs at their organization to deal with the issues and problems of the employees. Nowadays, the companies hired a personnel to handle the diversity program in the organizations and the companies have no problem in paying them more because these programs help with the productivity and the success of the aircraft companies. The companies focus on the talents and skills that the employees have without putting concern about their background and culture they came from. (European Union, 2014). The organizations like No Name aircraft companies believe in the fact that people coming from different places have the different ideas and strategies in their minds and the companies can make a proper utilization of their ideas. The different type of ideas and the innovative plans are helpful for the working of the organization. In the No name aircraft company also, there are the employees who came from the different places and work in the company for the betterment of the organization. It is very necessary to respect their ideas, thoughts, of the people coming from different places. The big companies need to ready with the new innovative ideas to build a good image in front of the public. The companies should promote the young talent that will come up with new ideas to deal with the problems at the workplace like the safety of the customers as well as the quality of material used in the aircrafts etc. The diversity at the workplace also helps to provide the best solutions for the d elivery of the quality services to the customers. Moreover, while introducing the diversity programs at the workplace, it creates many problems also. The biggest problem is the rising of the insecurities among the employees of the No name aircraft company and these are rising continuously. Looking into the previous times, there are the companies who will not give attention to its employees having different backgrounds and they usually ignore by the companies and the employees start thinking various negative things in their minds(US Department of Commerce, 2011). This will automatically down the level of the profits in the organization and the productivity level also. Generally, it has been seen that the black people are not treated with respect in many countries as the other people are treated. The behavior of the company towards the employees should strictly prohibited by the management laws. The aircraft companies should not need to do the discrimination on the basis of the place, caste, religion, age, and color. This type of discrimination in the organization should be eradicated from the companies for the smooth running of the business. The major discrimination that was doing in the organizations is the gender discrimination. The males and females in the aircraft company should be treated equally with more respect and dignity(Cornell University, 2011). This is a very common concept that the women are considered to be lower than the men and it is also assumed that the females are very bad at doing the own business. However, with the passage of time the women are working more efficiently and effectively in the organizations as compared to the males. While doing the comparison between the two people, results into the negative impact. The people working in the organization should also be clear about their roles and responsibilities and perform well for the successof the organization. These are the major problems which need to be eliminated as soon as possisible from the organization. Not only in Australia, but also from all over the world that discrimination should be eliminated as it has a very negative impact on the society. Apart of this, the discrimination also leads to the issues in the recruitment processes of the Aircraft companies and lowers down the success rate because of the dissatisfaction of the employees in the company. T o rise in the economy, it is very important to remove these problems from the society.(Winograd Mallett, 2008). International performance management Performance management means managing the performance of the employees. Every individual in the organization is required to be judged on the basis of performance and according to their performance the monetary or non-monetary awards should be given to the employees to motivate them and to build a long term relation with the employees.The no name aircraft company should also distribute the profits of the company among the workers for the successful working of the employees. The bonus is also distributed by many companies on the basis of the year, half year or quarterly depending upon the type of company. Performance management stands for the process with the help of which companies make sure that their employees are working properly towards the organizational goals and measure their performance(Boeing Frontiers, 2009). The employee appraisal is very important in every sector if their performance in the company is extraordinary. In this case study, the author categorized the performanc e management process into 3 parts such as planning, supporting and reviewing performance in aircraft company. Figure 1 Performance management process In the first phase of the process all the effects and consequences are considered to set the objectives at organizational as well as individual level in the quality care of the aircrafts. Secondly, all the employees need motivation to perform well in the aircraft company and they need some suggestions at this stage. The behavior of the employees needs to be correct to meet the expectations. Talking about the last stage by the author is the most important stage as it involves the effects review and feedback. The performance review ends with the evaluation of the previous effects of the performances of the employees in caring the quality of the aircrafts(Management, 1997). Looking forward to the future and to improve the management of aircraft services and it is very important to take care of all the factors that are associated with the customers. In this case study, author also state some of the improvements that are needed for the No name aircraft companyin coming years. Firstof all, it is very important to communicate with the customers and line managers to get some suggestions and make changes in the policies according to the customer requirement. Performance indicator like unnecessary medication, medication error, unnecessary diagnostic tests can lead to quality management of the aircraft companies because they help in finding out where the Aircraft system is doing unfair things and things that are not required by the customers. By making sure that no such unfair things are done or followed we can ensure quality management to customers who look forward to Aircraft companies. Only by keeping a check on these can we assure quality management on beha lf of the Aircraft company. Training and Development The training and development is necessary for the employees as in the case study, it is analyzed that No name company is very poor in workforce planning and giving training to the employees shifting to China and Vietnam organizations for the work in the company. The training to the employees of the organization involves the guidance and the procedure to work in the organization and focus on how to increase the profits of the No Name. The training is not for the particular age group, this is for all the employees working in No name company either old age or younger one. From the case study, it is clear that the older employees are not able to handle the new techniques as Aircraft company has taken a new image and cabin crew needs to be very proficient in technical as well professional things(Noe, 2011). In Last, Training of employees helps to give better results. The career plans of the employees in the company should be clear to them so that they will survive in the companies for the longer period of time. The career development is very important for the employees working in the Australian Aircraft company.The training o the employees helps them to enhance their knowledge as well as skills. The expert person should be hired for the training purposes and it is the duty of the expert professionals to clear all the doubts of the employees. As it is clear from the case study that there are many employees who shifted to work in China and Vietnam , so their training is must perform well in the other countries(Nfila, 2005). Recommendations In the above report, its clear that the aircraft company should take some remedial steps as the company is not doing well in the management and planning of the organizations. The growth of the company depends on the proper planning and its management. The company should take care of the needs and the expectations of the employees from the company. Some of the suggestions and recommendations after the analysis of the case study for the No Name aircraft company is as below- The company should build a strong organizational structure to improve the communication between the line managers and its employees(Marquis, 2012). It is suggested that the company should focus on the performances of the employees and offer them rewards as per the performance. It is also recommended for the NoName aircraft company to build a strong environment for offering the training and development procedures to overcome the shortcoming of the employees The unfair practices if found in the organization, then the line managers should take a hard step to eliminate these things. The comparison of the actual results and the anticipated results should be done to identify the level of the performance of the employees and then the monetary or non monetary rewards should be offer to them accordingly. Diversity at workplace needs full attention of the organization and the company should eliminate the discrimination by creating some rules and regulations for all the employees and treat every individual in the organization equally. Conclusion It is concluded from the above that the No name aircraft company is facing many issues related to the Human resource management, performance management and the diversity management at the organization. The company should need to improve all the management policies as well as workforce planning to perform well and to deliver the best quality to the customers. The safety in the aircraft companies is the major issue and the safety of the customers as well as for the employees is must.In this report, all the theories and the concepts of the human resource management are discussed in this report. The line managers in the Aircraft are the one who is accountable to manage the team and should manage all the tasks and programs in the company. The managers are the one who will be responsible for all the planning activities to handle the situations. This can be done by doing surveys and analyzing the results by comparing the actual results with the forecasted results. The managers should apply the strategies and implement some plans to remove the problems from the workplace and to get better results. The training is must to adapt the people coming from different places. References Boeing Frontiers, 2009. 20 tips to boost your performance, Available at: https://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2009/may/mainfeature.pdf Cornell University, 2011. Diversity imperative: Linda Roundtree, Roundtree Consulting LLC., Available at: https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/research_sites/agingandwork/pdf/publications/case_AgeDiversity.pdf European Union, 2014. Overview of Diversity Management, Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/justice/discrimination/files/diversity_report2014_en.pdf Green, K., Lpez, M. Wysocki, A., 2002. Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges, and the Required Managerial Tools, Available at: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/HR/HR02200.pdf Management, U. S. O. o. P., 1997. Improving customer service through effective performance management, Available at: https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/performance-management/reference-materials/historical/customer_service.pdf Marquis, P., 2012. Aviation safety letter, Available at: https://www.tc.gc.ca/media/documents/ca-publications/TP185E_4_2012.pdf Nationals specification in Aviation Operations, 2012. Human Resources in the Aviation Industry, Available at: https://qualifications.pearson.com/content/dam/pdf/BTEC-Nationals/Aviation-Operations/2010/Specification/U12-HRAI.pdf Nfila, C., 2005. Training Needs Analysis For Bachibanga Company in Botswana, Available at: https://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2005/2005nfilac.pdf Noe, R., 2011. Employee Training and Development, Available at: https://serverlib.moe.gov.ir/documents/10157/42675/Employee+Training+and+Development.pdf Patton, J., 2015. Human Resource Management (HRM) in the Aviation Industry. The Journal of Global Business Management, April, 11(1), pp. 1-12. US Department of Commerce, 2011. Best practices in achieving workforce diversity, Available at: https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/workforce-diversity.pdf Winograd, M. Mallett, R., 2008. Best practices in achieving workforce diversity, Available at: https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/workforce-diversity.pdf Yangon, 2016. HR excellence In strategy, innovation, leadership and culture in delivering sustainable airports: PAS, Available at: https://www.aci-asiapac.aero/upload/service/8/self/HRER201604_Yangon.pdf

Friday, November 29, 2019

Supply and Demand in U. A. E.

Executive Summary This report discusses demand and supply in United Arab Emirates (UAE). UAE is made up of seven emirates. UAE is popular for oil and natural gas reservoirs. It is recognized for tourism, urban trade centers and real estate developments which have led to a rapid economic growth. The demand for water, energy and labor is on the increase. There are to increase the supply.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply and Demand in U. A. E. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Property demand and supply keep changing from time to time. The demand is instigated by an increase in population, agricultural activities, industrialization and need to desalinate water. The UAE federation has enacted policies that enable the balance between supply and demand be realized. Good infrastructure of roads, airport, seaports and communication facilitate economic growth. Introduction United Arab Emirates has experienced growth in the recent past. The region is a world trade center and is popular for exporting oil. Economic activities have led to disparity in supply and demand. Changes have occurred to aid in solving the disparity. This report will discuss demand and supply in UAE. Supply and Demand in UAE Background information of UAE United Arab Emirates (UAE) consists of seven federations namely: Dubai, Umm al Quwain, Ajan, Abu Dhabi, Fujairah and Ras Al Khaimah. The region, which is in south west Asia, is arid. It is next to the coast, and part of the region is a desert. In the recent past, UAE has experienced a population increase and a rapid growth in its economy. Policies emphasize agricultural self-sufficiency and a reliable supply of water. Since the discovery of oil in Abu Dhabi, the economy was transformed leading to industrialization in the region. Policies that foster liberation of the economy have caused the region to be the economic leader in the Middle East region. UAE has adopted economic diversity. Besides oil and natural gas reserves, the region has a tourist attraction, real estate business and international trading centers located in diverse cities like in Dubai. Governmental policies boost economic diversity for a sustainable economy. Therefore, the main sources of income for UAE come from trade, tourism, construction and sell of real estate, financial services and transport. UAE infrastructure makes the region a modern center. There is a good network of roads that link the different trade centers. Among the over 40 airports in the region, the airport in Dubai is considered an international airport which facilitates business.1Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Water demand and supply The government policies encourage growth of the agricultural sector. Since the UAE region is arid, there are a large number of wells that have been sunk. The water table has been depleted, and the water has become desalinated. A large number of desalination plants have been established to meet non- agricultural and agricultural water demands. The demand for water has increased as the population has grown. The urban centers are continually growing, and the agricultural sector requires adequate water. Importing water from Turkey has been considered not viable owing to security issues. Desalinated water, surface water, underground water and recycled water are the main sources of water in UAE. Desalinated water from the sea accounts for the water supply in the area. Increased population, industrial development and growth of the agricultural sector have increased demand for water in UAE. Despite increased supply, demand for water has not been adequately met after increased farming and developments whose consumption is higher than the supply. To curb this problem, additional plants with a large capacity for desalination have been constructed. The water deman d for construction, farming, landscaping and human consumption is high. 2 Energy demand and supply Energy demand has been on the increase. The government has funded projects that increase the supply of energy. Energy and water sectors have been privatized in the region. The challenge in the energy sector is inefficiency in power use, need for increased investments, poor regional connectivity and management in the private sector. With the growth in the real estate business, the demand for electricity is expected to increase in the future. The demand can be met, if investments to increase the supply are considered. Thermal power, natural gas and oil, have been used as sources of energy in UAE. Natural gas as a source of fuel is less costly and is considered sustainable in the near future.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply and Demand in U. A. E. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The demand for power supply is not expected to be very high as expected with the high developments in real estates. The demand will be slightly higher than the supply for power. Electricity demand will heighten owing to industrial developments and water plant projects. UAE is likely to adopt nuclear power in the future to meet the increased demand for power. Although the region is rich in oil and gas reservoirs, it may turn to alternative power sources to meet the demand for energy. Abu Dhabi accounts for most of the oil; hence other regions have a lower oil reservoir than Abu Dhabi. Energy is required to desalinate water, and there is a desire to expand electricity supply in the region. Moreover, the planners recognize the volatility of fossil fuel prices as well as the issues in the universal climate change. The hydrocarbons are more profitable and can generate huge revenues. Property demand and supply The patterns in the property market keep changing. In Dubai, the supply of property is low, and the rental cos ts have appreciated. The number of completed and ready for sale property is very low. The number of building on construction is high, and the supply is expected to rise. The number of people seeking accommodation is also high. Since the cost of purchasing property is very high, there are few buyers. The growth of the international trading center is likely to increase the number of people seeking residence. Chances of supply exceeding demand are believed to be narrow. Dubai is a fast growing economy with numerous projects and businesses absorb a large number of people. Developing nuclear plants is considered a stepping stone to meet future demand for power and as a boost to the UAE economic development. When the supply for new rentals increases, the cost of rentals is reduced. The upward momentums where prices keep increasing depreciate. Tenants have to put up with the decreased prices and continue to pay taxes that apply. Although the supply seems to meet the demand, the demand is c onstantly increasing, and the property begins to be reduced in supply as a large number of investors purchase the property. Unoccupied rentals affect the economic growth. There are plenty rentals available and construction of others is underway. UAE policies discourage foreign investors from owning property. Investor visas last for a short period and investors have to renew their visa to continue with business. If one does not have a resident visa, owning bank accounts, driving license and a car is difficult. Harsh policies are viewed as a stumbling block to the development. 3Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tourism demand and supply UAE significantly relies on tourism for foreign exchange. There is an increasing number of tourists visiting Dubai which is the busiest trade center in the region. Most tourists come to shop and view modern and ancient attractions of the city. The increasing number of tourist have led to a greater need for accommodation and led to increased investments. Dubai has to ensure that the demand for boutique, electronics and other goods is availed to meet the need of the tourists or buyers. Labor demand and supply UAE enjoys a supply of labor. This enables the economy to expand and to meet the demand. The demand for low skilled and semi-skilled laborers is dominant. The low skill and semi-skilled laborers enable organizations to pay minimum wages and maximize on profits. The high supply of low skilled employees may have effects on the organization on innovativeness and production. There is a high number of immigrants in the trade centers employed to work in ongoin g projects and conducting business. Labor laws and policies are very strict. Employees have for a long time been denied the freedom to change jobs. In the recent past, employees can change their jobs with the consent of their employer or former employer. Since a large number of employees are not citizens, the labor laws can be made favorable for employees to boost their motivation. Motivated employees will give increased output. In the health sector, a number of nurses have immigrated to western nations despite an increase in their salaries. Experienced nurses have found better paying jobs in the west while UAE continue to train nurses and employ the untrained nurses. After training, the experienced nurses get employment elsewhere leaving a low supply of experienced healthcare nurses.4 Factors that affect demand and supply in UAE UAE individual emirates are different regions headed by a ruler. Each emirate is autonomous in politics and economics. The federal government redistributes the revenue to the seven emirates. The emirates are diverse. A majority of the revenue is contributed by Dubai and Abu Dhabi. The government policies favor the nationals from UAE region than foreigners. The government ensures that it enables the growth of other sectors in the region besides oil sector. Dubai and Abu Dhabi international operation in oil demonstrates equal interest. The government has no debt. In UAE, there is no income tax. A well-developed network of roads and sea ports, as well as a modern airport, are the strongholds of UAE. Water and electricity supply are increased to enable trade. The marketing strategy commonly used in the Emirates is the use of commercial agents. Agents and distributors are treated as the same in UAE. The demand for products with after sale services is increasing. More customer care and maintenance personnel are being trained causing an increase in the labor market. The communication sector has also experienced increased demand. Phone lines and mobile phones are common in the region. There are well enhanced internet services in UAE, which have facilitated the growth of trade and communication. Reducing disparity in economic development expedites the region to have security; since the oil prices are highly volatile. Meeting the demand for the necessities required in development facilitates the economic growth the federation seeks to achieve. Conclusion UAE is a federation of Dubai, Umm al Quwain, Ajan, Abu Dhabi, Fujairah and Ras Al Khaimah emirates. The regions vary in their national resources and development. Dubai and Al Dhabi have large revenue than the other regions. UAE policies redistribute wealth across the region and encourage diversity of industries. Water supply is on high demand due to the ever-growing need of water in the agricultural sector, industrial sector and human consumption. Sources of water are desalinated water, surface water, underground water and recycled water. Fresh water supply is increased i f the desalinated water is augmented to meet demand. Water wells are used in case of emergency. Enough energy is required to desalinate sea water and to enable industrial developments. Natural gas, oil and thermal power are the sources of energy. The demand for increased energy is increasing. Nuclear power energy adoption is expected to meet the power demand in the future. The demand and supply of property in UAE keeps changing. Dubai has a renowned real estate. When the supply of property is low, cost of buying property and rental prices are high. The construction is increased to meet the demand. When there is an oversupply of property, the cost of buying property and rental cost is lowered. Property demand increases as the number of tourists, laborers and the general population increase in the urban centers. Tourists come in large numbers to shop in the malls and to enjoy modern and ancient attractions in the place. There are a large number of non UAE nationals who are employed in UAE. Nurses in UAE look for employment in the western countries after gaining experience. To balance between supply and demand, the UAE federation enacts policies that encourage distribution of wealth and economic development. It has increased production of power, supply of clean water, focused on building road and airport infrastructure, enhanced communication and encouraged diversity of industries. Recommendations The supply of sustainable water is necessary for agricultural, industrial and consumption. Water supply can be increased to meet demand if many plants with greater capacity to desalinate water are constructed. Energy demand that is increasing can be met with diversity in power generation. Adoption of nuclear power will provide adequate energy for development needs in UAE. Real estate constant supply of property to meet demand will be necessary to maintain prices and meet the demand for the growing population. Laws and policies that allow non UAE nationals to invest will be relevant to encourage economic growth and meet the demand for property development. Employers should consider employing laborers with skills. The labor laws can favor the laborers to increase their motivation by allowing mobility. As a result, the demand for improved production and innovativeness will be met. The federation can consider providing better working conditions and adequate compensation for their nurses to prevent their immigration to the west. Since a majority of employees are not nationals in UAE, their motivation will contribute to the economic growth. Economic policies that enhance distribution of wealth together with economic development can be adopted to facilitate economic growth. Bibliography Al-Hosani, H, Water demand forecast and management of United Arab Emirates, 2010, Retrieved from http://www.emro.who.int/ceha/pdf/proceedings34-water%20demand%20in%20the%20UAE.pdf Chilton, JB, Supply and demand in the news: the emirates economist, 2007, Retrieved from htt p://emirateseconomist.blogspot.com/2007/02/supply-and-demand-in-news.html Research and markets.com, Executive report on strategies in the United Arab  Emirates, 2007, Retrieved from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/603078/executive_report_on_strategies_in_the_united The United Arab Emirates, Initial National Communication to the United Nations  Framework, 2006, Retrieved from http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/arenc1.pdf Footnotes 1 The United Arab Emirates, Initial National Communication to the United Nations Framework, 2006, Retrieved, http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/arenc1.pdf 2 H Al-Hosani, Water demand forecast and management of United Arab Emirates, 2010, Retrieved, http://www.emro.who.int/ceha/pdf/proceedings34 water%20demand%20in%20the%20UAE.pdf 3 Research and markets.com, Executive report on strategies in the United Arab Emirates, 2007, Retrieved from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/603078/executive_report_on_strategies_in_the_united 4 JB Chilt on, Supply and demand in the news: The emirates economist, 2007 Retrieved 7 January, 2012, http://emirateseconomist.blogspot.com/2007/02/supply-and-demand-in-news.html This report on Supply and Demand in U. A. E. was written and submitted by user Marie Thompson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Free Essays on Cyber Crime

First Yahoo! Then eBay. The Net's vulnerability threatens e-commerceand you The scenario that no one in the computer security field likes to talk about has come to pass: The biggest e-commerce sites on the Net have been falling like dominoes. First it was Yahoo! Inc. (YHOO) On Feb. 6, the portal giant was shut down for three hours. Then retailer Buy.com Inc. (BUYX) was hit the next day, hours after going public. By that evening, eBay (EBAY), Amazon.com (AMZN), and CNN (TWX) had gone dark. And in the morning, the mayhem continued with online broker E*Trade (EGRP) and others having traffic to their sites virtually choked off. The work of some super hacker? For now, law enforcement officials don't know, or won't say. But what worries experts more than the identity of this particular culprit or outlaw group is how easily these attacks have been orchestrated and executed. Seemingly, someone could be sitting in the warmth of their home and, with a few keystrokes, disrupting electronic commerce around the globe. DEAD HALT. Experts say it's so easy, it's creepy: The software to do this damage is simple to use and readily available at underground hacker sites throughout the Internet. A tiny program can be downloaded and then planted in computers all over the world. Then, with the push of a button, those PCs are alerted to go into action, sending a simple request for access to a site, again and again and againindeed, scores or hundreds of times a second. Gridlock. For all the sophisticated work on firewalls, intrusion-detection systems, encryption and computer security, e-businesses are at risk from a relatively simple technique that's akin to dialing a telephone number repeatedly so that everyone else trying to get through will hear a busy signal. ''We have not seen anything of this magnitude beforenot only at eBay, but across so many sites,'' says Margaret C. Whitman, CEO of eBay. No information on a Web site was snatched, no... Free Essays on Cyber Crime Free Essays on Cyber Crime Cyber Crime First Yahoo! Then eBay. The Net's vulnerability threatens e-commerceand you The scenario that no one in the computer security field likes to talk about has come to pass: The biggest e-commerce sites on the Net have been falling like dominoes. First it was Yahoo! Inc. (YHOO) On Feb. 6, the portal giant was shut down for three hours. Then retailer Buy.com Inc. (BUYX) was hit the next day, hours after going public. By that evening, eBay (EBAY), Amazon.com (AMZN), and CNN (TWX) had gone dark. And in the morning, the mayhem continued with online broker E*Trade (EGRP) and others having traffic to their sites virtually choked off. The work of some super hacker? For now, law enforcement officials don't know, or won't say. But what worries experts more than the identity of this particular culprit or outlaw group is how easily these attacks have been orchestrated and executed. Seemingly, someone could be sitting in the warmth of their home and, with a few keystrokes, disrupting electronic commerce around the globe. DEAD HALT. Experts say it's so easy, it's creepy: The software to do this damage is simple to use and readily available at underground hacker sites throughout the Internet. A tiny program can be downloaded and then planted in computers all over the world. Then, with the push of a button, those PCs are alerted to go into action, sending a simple request for access to a site, again and again and againindeed, scores or hundreds of times a second. Gridlock. For all the sophisticated work on firewalls, intrusion-detection systems, encryption and computer security, e-businesses are at risk from a relatively simple technique that's akin to dialing a telephone number repeatedly so that everyone else trying to get through will hear a busy signal. ''We have not seen anything of this magnitude beforenot only at eBay, but across so many sites,'' says Margaret C. Whitman, CEO of eBay. No information on a Web site was... Free Essays on Cyber Crime First Yahoo! Then eBay. The Net's vulnerability threatens e-commerceand you The scenario that no one in the computer security field likes to talk about has come to pass: The biggest e-commerce sites on the Net have been falling like dominoes. First it was Yahoo! Inc. (YHOO) On Feb. 6, the portal giant was shut down for three hours. Then retailer Buy.com Inc. (BUYX) was hit the next day, hours after going public. By that evening, eBay (EBAY), Amazon.com (AMZN), and CNN (TWX) had gone dark. And in the morning, the mayhem continued with online broker E*Trade (EGRP) and others having traffic to their sites virtually choked off. The work of some super hacker? For now, law enforcement officials don't know, or won't say. But what worries experts more than the identity of this particular culprit or outlaw group is how easily these attacks have been orchestrated and executed. Seemingly, someone could be sitting in the warmth of their home and, with a few keystrokes, disrupting electronic commerce around the globe. DEAD HALT. Experts say it's so easy, it's creepy: The software to do this damage is simple to use and readily available at underground hacker sites throughout the Internet. A tiny program can be downloaded and then planted in computers all over the world. Then, with the push of a button, those PCs are alerted to go into action, sending a simple request for access to a site, again and again and againindeed, scores or hundreds of times a second. Gridlock. For all the sophisticated work on firewalls, intrusion-detection systems, encryption and computer security, e-businesses are at risk from a relatively simple technique that's akin to dialing a telephone number repeatedly so that everyone else trying to get through will hear a busy signal. ''We have not seen anything of this magnitude beforenot only at eBay, but across so many sites,'' says Margaret C. Whitman, CEO of eBay. No information on a Web site was snatched, no...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Supply Chain - Essay Example Supply Chain The role of international supply chain management is significant amongst organizations in the present scenario. Increased globalization is the major reason behind such form of supply chain management. It can be stated that this form of trend has given birth to increasing sourcing through cross-border activities (Farmer and Jessop, 2008). On the other hand global supply chain even enables firm to acquire certain parts of the value chain offered by low cost providers. This increasing rate of global operations has even enabled global coordination amongst firms. In present decade it is observed that many larger organizations work in collaboration with SMEs due to the support provided by such international supply chain activities (Lysons and Farrington, 2005). The framework of international supply chain management has been beneficial for larger and mid-sized organizations and even for manufacturers as they are able to develop larger lot sizes, better environments and much lower tax rates for their product line. Amongst organizations this framework plays an active role by not only storing large base of resources but even through effective customer service management, management of manufacturing flow, product commercialization and development, maintaining supplier relationship, handling returns and successfully fulfilling placed orders

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Network Security Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Network Security Principles - Essay Example In other words, in order to ensure network security computer users must follow security plan or guidelines (Laudon & Laudon, 1999; Kaminsky, 2010; Ray, 2004). In the past few years several technologies have emerged throughout the whole globe and networking technology is without doubt the most amazing achievement in this era. On the other hand, security has turned out to be a challenging task for present network administration. In fact, the advancements of information technology have also offered a lot of benefits for the negative minded people. Now they have a wide variety of tools and technology which they can use to get illegal access to a network. In this scenario, it is essential for an organization to implement strict security policy. However, if an organization fails to put into practice an effective network security then an attacker or competitor can get access and use the important or secret data and information, probably causing data destruction or damage, or even the entire destruction of the computer network (Kaminsky & Foster, What is Network Security? , 2011; Armoni, 2002; Bhattacharya & Ghosh, 2009). It is an admitted fact that the emergence of the Internet has modernized our lives. On the other hand, it has as well introduced some of the severe safety and confidentiality issues. These issues can be tremendously devastating for private information. Hence, in an attempt to effectively deal with these issues organizations use network security rules and measures (Kaminsky & Foster, What is Network Security? , 2011; Armoni, 2002; Bhattacharya & Ghosh, 2009). As discussed above to deal with network security threats and an organization must implement an effective security policy. This policy should be an agreement, explaining in depth the organization’s decisive resources and how sound they are organized. In fact, the fundamental aim of creating a network security policy is to provide the organizational employees with a brief outline of the "acce ptable usage" of some of the business information and resources. Additionally, this policy is also intended to adeptly illustrate the permissible rights of workers and as a result employing them in securing the data and information. In actual fact, a security plan works like a "must interpret" fashion of business information for everyone exploiting in any form, computer and network resources are believed to be possible targets. On the other hand, a high level and excellently created security policy is supposed to tackle some these subsequent fundamentals: (Danchev, 2003; Kim, Lee, Han, & Kim, 2009) How vulnerable business data must be organized and managed How passwords and other credentials have to be maintained securely How to respond to a possible security issue, disruption efforts, etc. How to make use of resources such as computers and the Internet in a better way How to properly make use of the business communication infrastructure In general, the most important reasons follow ing the creation of a security policy is to establish an organization’s private data and information security basics. Another aspect is to inform to workers how they are responsible for the security of business resources and assets, and give emphasis to the implication of taking benefit from secured business communic

Monday, November 18, 2019

Is the Kyoto Treaty a Success in Addressing the Rise in Greenhouse Gas Research Paper

Is the Kyoto Treaty a Success in Addressing the Rise in Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Research Paper Example Initially adopted in Kyoto, Japan in 1997, this treaty, however, has not yet been ratified by major countries and some other industrial countries like Canada have even withdrawn from the treaty. (The Guardian,). The lack of proper ratification and adoption of the treaty by major industrial nations have put serious doubts over the ability of the treaty to actually enforce protocols required to reduce the overall greenhouse gas emissions by countries which are responsible for most of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. (Ross,95) Over a period of time, despite the fact that countries have been able to cut greenhouse emissions, the over general emission levels have increased. These trends have put serious questions over the ability of treaty to successfully control the greenhouse emissions from the major industrialized nations of the world. This paper will argue whether the Kyoto protocol was successful in controlling greenhouse emissions or not. Climate Change & Greenhouse Emis sions Over the period of time, scientific evidence emerged which suggested a climate change being caused by the way humans actually interact with their environment. The rapid industrialization witnessed by major developed countries during the 20th century is considered as one of the key reasons behind this climate change. With over 100 years of greenhouse emission, the overall ecosystem of the earth is believed to be out of balance and a clear need for reducing the emission was recognized in order to stabilize the earth’s environment. (Henson,15) During the 1990s, environmental issues became a strategic concern and for the first time, it was recognized that there is a clear need for putting into practice certain standards and efforts which can obligate industrial nations to actually reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. The 1990s saw great diplomatic efforts to actually develop a comprehensive framework for industrialized nations to actually agree upon certain standards to r educe greenhouse emissions. These diplomatic efforts finally resulted in the development and introduction of what is now called the Kyoto protocol or the Kyoto treaty. (Grubb, Vrolijk, Brack, & Energy and Environmental Programme,54)

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Marketing Communication Strategies of Skoda

Marketing Communication Strategies of Skoda Marketing The Process Precisely defined, marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to satisfy customers (Google). It is a dynamic process of ensuring a close fit between the core competencies of an organization and the external demands placed upon it. The fundamental role of marketing is often associated with the promotional aspect of a product or service. It consists of making the consumer aware of what youre offering, and convincing them to buy it. Marketing Communications Marketing Communications Mix Marketing Communications takes a leap further to streamline the actions a firm takes to communicate with end-users, consumers and external parties. It identifies the best media available for any particular product or service to communicate with the market (Smith Taylor, 2005). It is primarily concerned with demand generation and product and service positioning. The marketing communications mix is essentially a conceptual framework that helps to structure the approach to marketing. It covers all the communication tools available to a marketer, such as advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, sponsorship, e-marketing, corporate identity, etc. This report is an attempt to study the marketing communications strategies and mix for consumer vehicle brands in the UK, namely Skoda and Volkswagen Passenger Cars (now-on referred to as Volkswagen or VW). These are two sister companies and hence an interesting comparison. Automotive Industry Marketing The competitive nature of the automobile industry in the UK has prompted the automobile manufacturers to explore new and innovative marketing strategies to thwart the deadly competition. Almost all companies offer diverse range of vehicles in almost all segments as a part of their marketing strategy. This is in the endeavor to make sure that the customer is driving one of their vehicles only. The automobile industry relies not just on one medium of advertising and promotion; rather they aim to develop a combination of almost all options to leave the most impact-ful trail of marketing. The audio-visual medium is a rage since it gives the vehicle manufacturers an opportunity to flaunt their cars. The print medium, on the other hand, provides an opportunity to explain the functions of a car in detail and highlight their unique selling proposition (USP) to the customers. More recently, the automobile industry has shifted focus to the online medium, exploring the internet, which offers greater flexibility in terms of utilizing its interactive features such as demonstrating the interiors of the car with its salient features, etc. Aims Objectives: The aims and objectives of the report shall remain the following: Study the automobile industry dynamics in the UK, with specific focus on history and evolution of Skoda and Volkswagen as significantly important brands. Study the marketing communications strategies and tactics used by Skoda and Volkswagen to fight competition. Study the campaigns, media used and the brand image projected by Skoda and Volkswagen and how successful have they been in reaching out to their target. Chapter 2: Literature Review UK Automotive industry Market Overview The UK automotive sector is a highly flexible, dynamic and a global enterprise. The UK is the 12th largest automobile producer in the world and UK car industry has always been export-oriented and is known for exclusive brands, such as the Rolls-Royce, Bentley, Land Rover, Aston Martin and Jaguar. Amongst the key multinational players are: Ford, Toyota, Diamler-Chrysler, GM and Volkswagen. The top five UK car producers include Nissan, Toyota, Honda, MINI and Land Rover (Cunningham et al., n.d.). The automotive sector in the UK is in a state of constant change which is imperative for adapting to challenging commercial, regulatory and technological trends worldwide. However,at present, the UK car industry is in major turmoil. With credit crunch, spiraling oil prices and fragile consumer confidence, the industry is witnessing its worst since 1966. The buyers are shunning dealerships in droves and the manufacturers are in deep thoughts of how to revive the declining sales. The slowdown in the UK mirrors the difficult conditions being experienced across the main European markets. (Paul Everitt, SMMT). The major trends in the UK automotive industry over the last five years, as identified by the Society of Motor Manufacturers Traders Ltd (SMMT), depict the following: UK new car market has eased in recent years, after witnessing a peak of 2.579mn in the fiscal year 2003. The market is now contested by many marques. Fuel-efficiency is a big issue in the UK automotive industry. UK vehicle output has declined, but will recover over the next 18 months (figures as of 2007). In the year 2006 there were 1.65 million cars and commercial vehicles (CVs) produced in the UK alone. In the year 2006 the UK new car market eased to 2.345 million units, its lowest level since 2001. Estimates show that over 2 million vehicles are currently scrapped each year. Global automotive market is very positive and is largely driven by Asian demand, in particular in China and India. Skoda- The Brand and the Re-Branding Skoda Auto is an automobile manufacturer based in the Czech Republic. It was once one of Europes leading producers of quality, highly engineered cars but its fortunes plummeted under the post-Second World War communism phenomenon. It was until 1989 when Volkswagen took a 30% stake in the beleaguered car firm, that there were any signs of hope for the uplift of the company. In 21991, Volkswagen bought Skoda outright and this was when the journey of improvement triggered off for Skoda. Backed by VWs expertise and investments, the design of Skoda, both in terms of style and engineering, improved greatly. Although Skoda cars were quite at par with those of the rivals, in terms of function, style and value for money, the entire brand image of Skoda lagged far behind. As Chris Hawkens (Marketing Director Skoda, 1999) stated: All the research showed quite substantial levels of rejection of the Skoda brand by consumers. (Creativity Works, 2003) Trying to Sell Skodas is Like Trying to Sell Nuclear Waste. Hawken took up the initiative to challenge the negative perceptions about Skoda and to create a new brand platform to ensure future growth. The action plan called for innovation and a carefuly integrated marketing communications strategy which comprised of three core strands: Advertising Direct marketing Public relations As a result, the entire image of the Skoda brand improved and eventually changed altogether. Volkswagen The Brand Volkswagen commercial vehicles is another brand of the Volkswagen group, like Skoda, and is a separate marque to Volkswagen Passenger Cars since 1995. VWs relationship with the UK automobile industry dates back to 1952 when the first two models of Beetles were introduced into the market. In 1953 Volkswagen Motors Ltd officially became the UK importer, and the brand thereon went from strength to strength and became to be knows as the peoples car. The Volkswagen Passenger Cars brand runs a combination of three core values: innovative, providing enduring value and responsible. Technology, people and the environment dominate the philosophy and actions of Europes largest automaker. Double marketing has been the key for Volkswagen. It is not about stuffing multiple messages into one campaign, ratherrunning multiple campaigns on different messages concurrently. Volkswagen has more often indulged in launching many models collectively and hence has exploited this marketing strategy. The campaigns of 2006 provide a classic example of this phenomenon at Volkswagen: the Unpimp my ride campaign about design and control, the obeying your fast campaign for the GTI and the safe happens bold TV ads for the Jetta. Chapter 3: Research Methodology The research methodology for this report entails a careful blend of both primary and secondary sources available. Primary Sources of Data Five customers of Skoda and Volkswagen were randomly interviewed for their views about the marketing strategies of both the companies, using open-ended questions to yield maximum response. This helped to assess their response towards the media and campaigns deployed by these brands and to evaluate the extent of impact and penetration of the marketing tools used into the target customers. Attempts were made to interview at least one reliable personnel from the respective companies. However, due to lack of time and confidentiality issues of the company, this mode of research did not yield any reliable information for evaluation purposes. Secondary Sources of Data The secondary sources tapped include various books, published material, both from official as well as unofficial sources and both from electronic as well as print media. These include expert reviews on the marketing strategies of each company, company annual reports and other authentic related articles available on marketing strategies of Skoda and Volkswagen. Various advertisements, both from the print as well as electronic media, have also been carefully studied to conduct a comparative analysis for both the companies. Chapter 4: Discussion Analysis Skoda Turning Negative Perceptions into Positive Rather than try to make it into a hero brand, which wasnt realistic, we made it the underdog, and everyones on the side of the little guy. (James, 2002) Under the marketing communications strategy deployed by Hawkens and the innovative It is a Skoda, honest campaign, the market share of the company almost doubled. He confronted head-on the cars negative image using subtle, intelligent humor, targeting Skoda rejecters precisely. The rejuvenating marketing communications strategy of Skoda comprised of (James, 2002): Advertising: targetting the entire country, primarily through TV. Drect Marketing: targetted prospective buyers and existing customers, designed to encourage test-driving the new car. Public Relations: played a supplemental role by image-changing articles. Press was fed with information about motoring awards and VK backing. The success stories about Skoda now read Historys biggest comeback since Bobby Ewing stpped out of the shower, the new Skoda is hip and sexy yes, sexy. For a budget of about $7 million, Skoda witnessed increased sales, more than 23%, over the course of the 18-month campaign which marked the turn-around for the brand (James, 2002). Skodas Marketing Communication Mix The recent marketing communication strategy of Skoda constitutes the following key elements: TV Advertising Most Talked About Add of 2007 TV advertising has always been a win for Skoda. The baking of add of 2007 is a remarkable example of the strategic advertising vision of the company. The award-winning add featured a group of master bakers creating a life-size car out of cake icing, jelly headlights and full of lovely stuff strapline. The Favorite Things soundtrack provided the background score for the extremely attractive recepie. The cake add was indeed a radical move for Skoda. It was accompanied by columns in leading journals and magazines as the PR team took the initiative to send cake tins with ingredients to journalists. As a part of the direct marketing campaign, chocolate scented air fresheners were sent to potential and existing custoemrs of Skoda. Being an extremely bold positoning, Skoda adds communicated the message of how Skoda delivered exceptional customer service (Turner, 2007). Award winning website Skoda UKs official website (www.skoda.co.uk) is yet another critical element of the marketing communications mix of the brand. The highly attractive, animated and engaging website played a crucial role in nurturing the marketing mix of Skoda. Its online marketing campaign won it laurels in 2008- the Best Motor Manufacturer Home Page and Best Motor Manufacturer for Purpose Intent (www.skoda.co.uk). The criteria for judgment included factors such as web design, use of animation, ease of navigation, and search tools available. The sites creative effectiveness has been demonstrated by a remarkable 400% increase in requests for test drives and brochures. MyClick Technology Skoda has indulged in a mobile WAP site MMS MyClick advertising platform as a recent communication strategy. This is an endeavor to deliver a unique brand experience to consumers on their mobile devices.The image recognition technology of MyClick allows Skoda to reach end users with instant services wherever they are. Skoda is using this idea to provide an interactive platform where mobile users can access its Believe In Life information by simply clicking their mobile phone camera (Roberts, 2008). Volkswagens Marketing Communications Mix Volkswagen, the brand, deploys two key elements in its marketing communications strategy: Online Marketing The official website (www.volkswagen.co.uk) provides the most life-like experience of choosing a car on the internet. It allows the visitors to access the retailers booking systems and book test drives in real time. Also they are able to see which models are available at any specific time and retailer and make online reservations. The dynamic feedback mechanism employed by the website allows the customer to search and modify their preferred car in real time hence, as initially imagined by Volkswagen. The website is much responsive and provides a much richer customer experience Double Marketing Volkswagen and the Blues A multi-tiered, fully integrated marketing strategy was incorporated for the multiple-model launch in 2003, with the help of The Blues promotional team (Volkswagen and The Blues, n.d.). The marketing strategy adopted covered a diverse range of communications media including: TV and radio ads Online marketing on The Blues website Paid advertising: print ads in leading journals, in-flight marketing campaign with major national airlines Events marketing: Radio City concert, presence at key film and music festivals, etc. Ancillary products Educational outreach: Letter from Volkswagen and logo presence in Teachers Guides sent to 45,000 teachers nationwide. Chapter 5: Conclusion Skoda has gone from trash to treasure with the overwhelmingly innovative marketing strategy of the Volkswagen group. This can be accredited to simply revamping the marketing communications mix, which even called for complete elimination of typical elements such as sponsorships. Instead it focuses primarily on four key aspects of marketing: advertising, direct mail, public relations and more recently online marketing. Ultimately transforming the company image from a joke to a hero brand, the correct marketing strategy and timely deployment of that strategy have radically changed the perceptions of Skoda and it is today one of the fastest growing car brands in the UK. Volkswagen Passenger Cars, on the other hand, is a brand of the same parent group, however with much lesser prominence as compared to that of Skoda. The most prominent feature of VWs marketing strategy is double marketing, vis-Ã ¡-vis the three-pronged strategy of Skoda. Both brands have strong market presence and are working effectively with their individual marketing strategies. However, those deployed by Skoda are much more impact-full and far-reaching than VWs. Chapter 6: Recommendations Skoda is suggested the following set of recommendations: Although the negative perceptions have withered off, the positive preconceptions are to be secured. Hence, Skoda needs to promote a we-are-not-as-bad-as-you-think impression. Create a new communications theme that is able to sustain the brands sense of individuality, without Skoda being perceived as just any other car brand. Volkswagen Passenger Cars is suggested the following set of recommendations: Enhance the marketing communications mix with more emphasis on the advertising campaigns, such as those launched by Skoda. References Creativity Works (2003) HOW SKODA USED CREATIVITY TO INCREASE SALES BY 27% Available at: www.dandad.org/inspiration/creativityworks/pdf/skoda.pdf [Accessed 8th November 2009] Cunningham, Margaret; Doherty, Joanne; Douglas, Thomas; Garland, Philip; Guo Xiadi; Harmer, Chris (n.d.) The Death of the Skoda Joke and the Rebirth of the Brand. Available at: www.busmgt.ulst.ac.uk/modules/bmg900j3/Skoda%20Report.ppt [Accessed 8th November 2009] James, Dana (2002) Rebuilding Reputations Skoda goes from trash to treasure Available at: www.amaphoenix.org/files/Rebuidling%20Reputation [Accessed 18th November 2009] Roberts, Benna (2008) Skoda users MyClick Mobile image recognition technology for Mobile Marketing Available at: http://www.gomonews.com/skoda-users-myclick-mobile-image-recognition-technology-for-mobile-marketing/ [Accessed 5th November 2009] Smith, P R Taylor, Jonathan (2005) Marketing Communications Turner,Clark (2007) How Skoda created the most talked about ad of 2007 Available at: www.utalkmarketing.com//Article.aspx?Skoda_created_the_most_talked_about_ad_of_2007 [Accessed 18th November 2009] Volkswagen and The Blues (n.d) Available at: www.sgptv.org/sponsor-casestudies/original/5.pdf [Accessed 5th November 2009]