Supply and Demand in U. A. E.

Executive Summary This report discusses demand and supply in United Arab Emirates (UAE). UAE is made up of seven emirates. UAE is popular for oil and natural gas reservoirs. It is recognized for tourism, urban trade centers and real estate developments which have led to a rapid economic growth. The demand for water, energy and labor is on the increase. There are to increase the supply.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply and Demand in U. A. E. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Property demand and supply keep changing from time to time. The demand is instigated by an increase in population, agricultural activities, industrialization and need to desalinate water. The UAE federation has enacted policies that enable the balance between supply and demand be realized. Good infrastructure of roads, airport, seaports and communication facilitate economic growth. Introduction United Arab Emirates has experienced growth in the recent past. The region is a world trade center and is popular for exporting oil. Economic activities have led to disparity in supply and demand. Changes have occurred to aid in solving the disparity. This report will discuss demand and supply in UAE. Supply and Demand in UAE Background information of UAE United Arab Emirates (UAE) consists of seven federations namely: Dubai, Umm al Quwain, Ajan, Abu Dhabi, Fujairah and Ras Al Khaimah. The region, which is in south west Asia, is arid. It is next to the coast, and part of the region is a desert. In the recent past, UAE has experienced a population increase and a rapid growth in its economy. Policies emphasize agricultural self-sufficiency and a reliable supply of water. Since the discovery of oil in Abu Dhabi, the economy was transformed leading to industrialization in the region. Policies that foster liberation of the economy have caused the region to be the economic leader in the Middle East region. UAE has adopted economic diversity. Besides oil and natural gas reserves, the region has a tourist attraction, real estate business and international trading centers located in diverse cities like in Dubai. Governmental policies boost economic diversity for a sustainable economy. Therefore, the main sources of income for UAE come from trade, tourism, construction and sell of real estate, financial services and transport. UAE infrastructure makes the region a modern center. There is a good network of roads that link the different trade centers. Among the over 40 airports in the region, the airport in Dubai is considered an international airport which facilitates business.1Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Water demand and supply The government policies encourage growth of the agricultural sector. Since the UAE region is arid, there are a large number of wells that have been sunk. The water table has been depleted, and the water has become desalinated. A large number of desalination plants have been established to meet non- agricultural and agricultural water demands. The demand for water has increased as the population has grown. The urban centers are continually growing, and the agricultural sector requires adequate water. Importing water from Turkey has been considered not viable owing to security issues. Desalinated water, surface water, underground water and recycled water are the main sources of water in UAE. Desalinated water from the sea accounts for the water supply in the area. Increased population, industrial development and growth of the agricultural sector have increased demand for water in UAE. Despite increased supply, demand for water has not been adequately met after increased farming and developments whose consumption is higher than the supply. To curb this problem, additional plants with a large capacity for desalination have been constructed. The water deman d for construction, farming, landscaping and human consumption is high. 2 Energy demand and supply Energy demand has been on the increase. The government has funded projects that increase the supply of energy. Energy and water sectors have been privatized in the region. The challenge in the energy sector is inefficiency in power use, need for increased investments, poor regional connectivity and management in the private sector. With the growth in the real estate business, the demand for electricity is expected to increase in the future. The demand can be met, if investments to increase the supply are considered. Thermal power, natural gas and oil, have been used as sources of energy in UAE. Natural gas as a source of fuel is less costly and is considered sustainable in the near future.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply and Demand in U. A. E. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The demand for power supply is not expected to be very high as expected with the high developments in real estates. The demand will be slightly higher than the supply for power. Electricity demand will heighten owing to industrial developments and water plant projects. UAE is likely to adopt nuclear power in the future to meet the increased demand for power. Although the region is rich in oil and gas reservoirs, it may turn to alternative power sources to meet the demand for energy. Abu Dhabi accounts for most of the oil; hence other regions have a lower oil reservoir than Abu Dhabi. Energy is required to desalinate water, and there is a desire to expand electricity supply in the region. Moreover, the planners recognize the volatility of fossil fuel prices as well as the issues in the universal climate change. The hydrocarbons are more profitable and can generate huge revenues. Property demand and supply The patterns in the property market keep changing. In Dubai, the supply of property is low, and the rental cos ts have appreciated. The number of completed and ready for sale property is very low. The number of building on construction is high, and the supply is expected to rise. The number of people seeking accommodation is also high. Since the cost of purchasing property is very high, there are few buyers. The growth of the international trading center is likely to increase the number of people seeking residence. Chances of supply exceeding demand are believed to be narrow. Dubai is a fast growing economy with numerous projects and businesses absorb a large number of people. Developing nuclear plants is considered a stepping stone to meet future demand for power and as a boost to the UAE economic development. When the supply for new rentals increases, the cost of rentals is reduced. The upward momentums where prices keep increasing depreciate. Tenants have to put up with the decreased prices and continue to pay taxes that apply. Although the supply seems to meet the demand, the demand is c onstantly increasing, and the property begins to be reduced in supply as a large number of investors purchase the property. Unoccupied rentals affect the economic growth. There are plenty rentals available and construction of others is underway. UAE policies discourage foreign investors from owning property. Investor visas last for a short period and investors have to renew their visa to continue with business. If one does not have a resident visa, owning bank accounts, driving license and a car is difficult. Harsh policies are viewed as a stumbling block to the development. 3Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tourism demand and supply UAE significantly relies on tourism for foreign exchange. There is an increasing number of tourists visiting Dubai which is the busiest trade center in the region. Most tourists come to shop and view modern and ancient attractions of the city. The increasing number of tourist have led to a greater need for accommodation and led to increased investments. Dubai has to ensure that the demand for boutique, electronics and other goods is availed to meet the need of the tourists or buyers. Labor demand and supply UAE enjoys a supply of labor. This enables the economy to expand and to meet the demand. The demand for low skilled and semi-skilled laborers is dominant. The low skill and semi-skilled laborers enable organizations to pay minimum wages and maximize on profits. The high supply of low skilled employees may have effects on the organization on innovativeness and production. There is a high number of immigrants in the trade centers employed to work in ongoin g projects and conducting business. Labor laws and policies are very strict. Employees have for a long time been denied the freedom to change jobs. In the recent past, employees can change their jobs with the consent of their employer or former employer. Since a large number of employees are not citizens, the labor laws can be made favorable for employees to boost their motivation. Motivated employees will give increased output. In the health sector, a number of nurses have immigrated to western nations despite an increase in their salaries. Experienced nurses have found better paying jobs in the west while UAE continue to train nurses and employ the untrained nurses. After training, the experienced nurses get employment elsewhere leaving a low supply of experienced healthcare nurses.4 Factors that affect demand and supply in UAE UAE individual emirates are different regions headed by a ruler. Each emirate is autonomous in politics and economics. The federal government redistributes the revenue to the seven emirates. The emirates are diverse. A majority of the revenue is contributed by Dubai and Abu Dhabi. The government policies favor the nationals from UAE region than foreigners. The government ensures that it enables the growth of other sectors in the region besides oil sector. Dubai and Abu Dhabi international operation in oil demonstrates equal interest. The government has no debt. In UAE, there is no income tax. A well-developed network of roads and sea ports, as well as a modern airport, are the strongholds of UAE. Water and electricity supply are increased to enable trade. The marketing strategy commonly used in the Emirates is the use of commercial agents. Agents and distributors are treated as the same in UAE. The demand for products with after sale services is increasing. More customer care and maintenance personnel are being trained causing an increase in the labor market. The communication sector has also experienced increased demand. Phone lines and mobile phones are common in the region. There are well enhanced internet services in UAE, which have facilitated the growth of trade and communication. Reducing disparity in economic development expedites the region to have security; since the oil prices are highly volatile. Meeting the demand for the necessities required in development facilitates the economic growth the federation seeks to achieve. Conclusion UAE is a federation of Dubai, Umm al Quwain, Ajan, Abu Dhabi, Fujairah and Ras Al Khaimah emirates. The regions vary in their national resources and development. Dubai and Al Dhabi have large revenue than the other regions. UAE policies redistribute wealth across the region and encourage diversity of industries. Water supply is on high demand due to the ever-growing need of water in the agricultural sector, industrial sector and human consumption. Sources of water are desalinated water, surface water, underground water and recycled water. Fresh water supply is increased i f the desalinated water is augmented to meet demand. Water wells are used in case of emergency. Enough energy is required to desalinate sea water and to enable industrial developments. Natural gas, oil and thermal power are the sources of energy. The demand for increased energy is increasing. Nuclear power energy adoption is expected to meet the power demand in the future. The demand and supply of property in UAE keeps changing. Dubai has a renowned real estate. When the supply of property is low, cost of buying property and rental prices are high. The construction is increased to meet the demand. When there is an oversupply of property, the cost of buying property and rental cost is lowered. Property demand increases as the number of tourists, laborers and the general population increase in the urban centers. Tourists come in large numbers to shop in the malls and to enjoy modern and ancient attractions in the place. There are a large number of non UAE nationals who are employed in UAE. Nurses in UAE look for employment in the western countries after gaining experience. To balance between supply and demand, the UAE federation enacts policies that encourage distribution of wealth and economic development. It has increased production of power, supply of clean water, focused on building road and airport infrastructure, enhanced communication and encouraged diversity of industries. Recommendations The supply of sustainable water is necessary for agricultural, industrial and consumption. Water supply can be increased to meet demand if many plants with greater capacity to desalinate water are constructed. Energy demand that is increasing can be met with diversity in power generation. Adoption of nuclear power will provide adequate energy for development needs in UAE. Real estate constant supply of property to meet demand will be necessary to maintain prices and meet the demand for the growing population. Laws and policies that allow non UAE nationals to invest will be relevant to encourage economic growth and meet the demand for property development. Employers should consider employing laborers with skills. The labor laws can favor the laborers to increase their motivation by allowing mobility. As a result, the demand for improved production and innovativeness will be met. The federation can consider providing better working conditions and adequate compensation for their nurses to prevent their immigration to the west. Since a majority of employees are not nationals in UAE, their motivation will contribute to the economic growth. Economic policies that enhance distribution of wealth together with economic development can be adopted to facilitate economic growth. Bibliography Al-Hosani, H, Water demand forecast and management of United Arab Emirates, 2010, Retrieved from http://www.emro.who.int/ceha/pdf/proceedings34-water%20demand%20in%20the%20UAE.pdf Chilton, JB, Supply and demand in the news: the emirates economist, 2007, Retrieved from htt p://emirateseconomist.blogspot.com/2007/02/supply-and-demand-in-news.html Research and markets.com, Executive report on strategies in the United Arab  Emirates, 2007, Retrieved from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/603078/executive_report_on_strategies_in_the_united The United Arab Emirates, Initial National Communication to the United Nations  Framework, 2006, Retrieved from http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/arenc1.pdf Footnotes 1 The United Arab Emirates, Initial National Communication to the United Nations Framework, 2006, Retrieved, http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/arenc1.pdf 2 H Al-Hosani, Water demand forecast and management of United Arab Emirates, 2010, Retrieved, http://www.emro.who.int/ceha/pdf/proceedings34 water%20demand%20in%20the%20UAE.pdf 3 Research and markets.com, Executive report on strategies in the United Arab Emirates, 2007, Retrieved from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/603078/executive_report_on_strategies_in_the_united 4 JB Chilt on, Supply and demand in the news: The emirates economist, 2007 Retrieved 7 January, 2012, http://emirateseconomist.blogspot.com/2007/02/supply-and-demand-in-news.html This report on Supply and Demand in U. A. E. was written and submitted by user Marie Thompson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Cyber Crime

First Yahoo! Then eBay. The Net's vulnerability threatens e-commerceand you The scenario that no one in the computer security field likes to talk about has come to pass: The biggest e-commerce sites on the Net have been falling like dominoes. First it was Yahoo! Inc. (YHOO) On Feb. 6, the portal giant was shut down for three hours. Then retailer Buy.com Inc. (BUYX) was hit the next day, hours after going public. By that evening, eBay (EBAY), Amazon.com (AMZN), and CNN (TWX) had gone dark. And in the morning, the mayhem continued with online broker E*Trade (EGRP) and others having traffic to their sites virtually choked off. The work of some super hacker? For now, law enforcement officials don't know, or won't say. But what worries experts more than the identity of this particular culprit or outlaw group is how easily these attacks have been orchestrated and executed. Seemingly, someone could be sitting in the warmth of their home and, with a few keystrokes, disrupting electronic commerce around the globe. DEAD HALT. Experts say it's so easy, it's creepy: The software to do this damage is simple to use and readily available at underground hacker sites throughout the Internet. A tiny program can be downloaded and then planted in computers all over the world. Then, with the push of a button, those PCs are alerted to go into action, sending a simple request for access to a site, again and again and againindeed, scores or hundreds of times a second. Gridlock. For all the sophisticated work on firewalls, intrusion-detection systems, encryption and computer security, e-businesses are at risk from a relatively simple technique that's akin to dialing a telephone number repeatedly so that everyone else trying to get through will hear a busy signal. ''We have not seen anything of this magnitude beforenot only at eBay, but across so many sites,'' says Margaret C. Whitman, CEO of eBay. No information on a Web site was snatched, no... Free Essays on Cyber Crime Free Essays on Cyber Crime Cyber Crime First Yahoo! Then eBay. The Net's vulnerability threatens e-commerceand you The scenario that no one in the computer security field likes to talk about has come to pass: The biggest e-commerce sites on the Net have been falling like dominoes. First it was Yahoo! Inc. (YHOO) On Feb. 6, the portal giant was shut down for three hours. Then retailer Buy.com Inc. (BUYX) was hit the next day, hours after going public. By that evening, eBay (EBAY), Amazon.com (AMZN), and CNN (TWX) had gone dark. And in the morning, the mayhem continued with online broker E*Trade (EGRP) and others having traffic to their sites virtually choked off. The work of some super hacker? For now, law enforcement officials don't know, or won't say. But what worries experts more than the identity of this particular culprit or outlaw group is how easily these attacks have been orchestrated and executed. Seemingly, someone could be sitting in the warmth of their home and, with a few keystrokes, disrupting electronic commerce around the globe. DEAD HALT. Experts say it's so easy, it's creepy: The software to do this damage is simple to use and readily available at underground hacker sites throughout the Internet. A tiny program can be downloaded and then planted in computers all over the world. Then, with the push of a button, those PCs are alerted to go into action, sending a simple request for access to a site, again and again and againindeed, scores or hundreds of times a second. Gridlock. For all the sophisticated work on firewalls, intrusion-detection systems, encryption and computer security, e-businesses are at risk from a relatively simple technique that's akin to dialing a telephone number repeatedly so that everyone else trying to get through will hear a busy signal. ''We have not seen anything of this magnitude beforenot only at eBay, but across so many sites,'' says Margaret C. Whitman, CEO of eBay. No information on a Web site was... Free Essays on Cyber Crime First Yahoo! Then eBay. The Net's vulnerability threatens e-commerceand you The scenario that no one in the computer security field likes to talk about has come to pass: The biggest e-commerce sites on the Net have been falling like dominoes. First it was Yahoo! Inc. (YHOO) On Feb. 6, the portal giant was shut down for three hours. Then retailer Buy.com Inc. (BUYX) was hit the next day, hours after going public. By that evening, eBay (EBAY), Amazon.com (AMZN), and CNN (TWX) had gone dark. And in the morning, the mayhem continued with online broker E*Trade (EGRP) and others having traffic to their sites virtually choked off. The work of some super hacker? For now, law enforcement officials don't know, or won't say. But what worries experts more than the identity of this particular culprit or outlaw group is how easily these attacks have been orchestrated and executed. Seemingly, someone could be sitting in the warmth of their home and, with a few keystrokes, disrupting electronic commerce around the globe. DEAD HALT. Experts say it's so easy, it's creepy: The software to do this damage is simple to use and readily available at underground hacker sites throughout the Internet. A tiny program can be downloaded and then planted in computers all over the world. Then, with the push of a button, those PCs are alerted to go into action, sending a simple request for access to a site, again and again and againindeed, scores or hundreds of times a second. Gridlock. For all the sophisticated work on firewalls, intrusion-detection systems, encryption and computer security, e-businesses are at risk from a relatively simple technique that's akin to dialing a telephone number repeatedly so that everyone else trying to get through will hear a busy signal. ''We have not seen anything of this magnitude beforenot only at eBay, but across so many sites,'' says Margaret C. Whitman, CEO of eBay. No information on a Web site was snatched, no...

Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Supply Chain - Essay Example Supply Chain The role of international supply chain management is significant amongst organizations in the present scenario. Increased globalization is the major reason behind such form of supply chain management. It can be stated that this form of trend has given birth to increasing sourcing through cross-border activities (Farmer and Jessop, 2008). On the other hand global supply chain even enables firm to acquire certain parts of the value chain offered by low cost providers. This increasing rate of global operations has even enabled global coordination amongst firms. In present decade it is observed that many larger organizations work in collaboration with SMEs due to the support provided by such international supply chain activities (Lysons and Farrington, 2005). The framework of international supply chain management has been beneficial for larger and mid-sized organizations and even for manufacturers as they are able to develop larger lot sizes, better environments and much lower tax rates for their product line. Amongst organizations this framework plays an active role by not only storing large base of resources but even through effective customer service management, management of manufacturing flow, product commercialization and development, maintaining supplier relationship, handling returns and successfully fulfilling placed orders

Network Security Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Network Security Principles - Essay Example In other words, in order to ensure network security computer users must follow security plan or guidelines (Laudon & Laudon, 1999; Kaminsky, 2010; Ray, 2004). In the past few years several technologies have emerged throughout the whole globe and networking technology is without doubt the most amazing achievement in this era. On the other hand, security has turned out to be a challenging task for present network administration. In fact, the advancements of information technology have also offered a lot of benefits for the negative minded people. Now they have a wide variety of tools and technology which they can use to get illegal access to a network. In this scenario, it is essential for an organization to implement strict security policy. However, if an organization fails to put into practice an effective network security then an attacker or competitor can get access and use the important or secret data and information, probably causing data destruction or damage, or even the entire destruction of the computer network (Kaminsky & Foster, What is Network Security? , 2011; Armoni, 2002; Bhattacharya & Ghosh, 2009). It is an admitted fact that the emergence of the Internet has modernized our lives. On the other hand, it has as well introduced some of the severe safety and confidentiality issues. These issues can be tremendously devastating for private information. Hence, in an attempt to effectively deal with these issues organizations use network security rules and measures (Kaminsky & Foster, What is Network Security? , 2011; Armoni, 2002; Bhattacharya & Ghosh, 2009). As discussed above to deal with network security threats and an organization must implement an effective security policy. This policy should be an agreement, explaining in depth the organization’s decisive resources and how sound they are organized. In fact, the fundamental aim of creating a network security policy is to provide the organizational employees with a brief outline of the "acce ptable usage" of some of the business information and resources. Additionally, this policy is also intended to adeptly illustrate the permissible rights of workers and as a result employing them in securing the data and information. In actual fact, a security plan works like a "must interpret" fashion of business information for everyone exploiting in any form, computer and network resources are believed to be possible targets. On the other hand, a high level and excellently created security policy is supposed to tackle some these subsequent fundamentals: (Danchev, 2003; Kim, Lee, Han, & Kim, 2009) How vulnerable business data must be organized and managed How passwords and other credentials have to be maintained securely How to respond to a possible security issue, disruption efforts, etc. How to make use of resources such as computers and the Internet in a better way How to properly make use of the business communication infrastructure In general, the most important reasons follow ing the creation of a security policy is to establish an organization’s private data and information security basics. Another aspect is to inform to workers how they are responsible for the security of business resources and assets, and give emphasis to the implication of taking benefit from secured business communic

Is the Kyoto Treaty a Success in Addressing the Rise in Greenhouse Gas Research Paper

Is the Kyoto Treaty a Success in Addressing the Rise in Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Research Paper Example Initially adopted in Kyoto, Japan in 1997, this treaty, however, has not yet been ratified by major countries and some other industrial countries like Canada have even withdrawn from the treaty. (The Guardian,). The lack of proper ratification and adoption of the treaty by major industrial nations have put serious doubts over the ability of the treaty to actually enforce protocols required to reduce the overall greenhouse gas emissions by countries which are responsible for most of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. (Ross,95) Over a period of time, despite the fact that countries have been able to cut greenhouse emissions, the over general emission levels have increased. These trends have put serious questions over the ability of treaty to successfully control the greenhouse emissions from the major industrialized nations of the world. This paper will argue whether the Kyoto protocol was successful in controlling greenhouse emissions or not. Climate Change & Greenhouse Emis sions Over the period of time, scientific evidence emerged which suggested a climate change being caused by the way humans actually interact with their environment. The rapid industrialization witnessed by major developed countries during the 20th century is considered as one of the key reasons behind this climate change. With over 100 years of greenhouse emission, the overall ecosystem of the earth is believed to be out of balance and a clear need for reducing the emission was recognized in order to stabilize the earth’s environment. (Henson,15) During the 1990s, environmental issues became a strategic concern and for the first time, it was recognized that there is a clear need for putting into practice certain standards and efforts which can obligate industrial nations to actually reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. The 1990s saw great diplomatic efforts to actually develop a comprehensive framework for industrialized nations to actually agree upon certain standards to r educe greenhouse emissions. These diplomatic efforts finally resulted in the development and introduction of what is now called the Kyoto protocol or the Kyoto treaty. (Grubb, Vrolijk, Brack, & Energy and Environmental Programme,54)

Marketing Communication Strategies of Skoda

Marketing Communication Strategies of Skoda Marketing The Process Precisely defined, marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to satisfy customers (Google). It is a dynamic process of ensuring a close fit between the core competencies of an organization and the external demands placed upon it. The fundamental role of marketing is often associated with the promotional aspect of a product or service. It consists of making the consumer aware of what youre offering, and convincing them to buy it. Marketing Communications Marketing Communications Mix Marketing Communications takes a leap further to streamline the actions a firm takes to communicate with end-users, consumers and external parties. It identifies the best media available for any particular product or service to communicate with the market (Smith Taylor, 2005). It is primarily concerned with demand generation and product and service positioning. The marketing communications mix is essentially a conceptual framework that helps to structure the approach to marketing. It covers all the communication tools available to a marketer, such as advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, sponsorship, e-marketing, corporate identity, etc. This report is an attempt to study the marketing communications strategies and mix for consumer vehicle brands in the UK, namely Skoda and Volkswagen Passenger Cars (now-on referred to as Volkswagen or VW). These are two sister companies and hence an interesting comparison. Automotive Industry Marketing The competitive nature of the automobile industry in the UK has prompted the automobile manufacturers to explore new and innovative marketing strategies to thwart the deadly competition. Almost all companies offer diverse range of vehicles in almost all segments as a part of their marketing strategy. This is in the endeavor to make sure that the customer is driving one of their vehicles only. The automobile industry relies not just on one medium of advertising and promotion; rather they aim to develop a combination of almost all options to leave the most impact-ful trail of marketing. The audio-visual medium is a rage since it gives the vehicle manufacturers an opportunity to flaunt their cars. The print medium, on the other hand, provides an opportunity to explain the functions of a car in detail and highlight their unique selling proposition (USP) to the customers. More recently, the automobile industry has shifted focus to the online medium, exploring the internet, which offers greater flexibility in terms of utilizing its interactive features such as demonstrating the interiors of the car with its salient features, etc. Aims Objectives: The aims and objectives of the report shall remain the following: Study the automobile industry dynamics in the UK, with specific focus on history and evolution of Skoda and Volkswagen as significantly important brands. Study the marketing communications strategies and tactics used by Skoda and Volkswagen to fight competition. Study the campaigns, media used and the brand image projected by Skoda and Volkswagen and how successful have they been in reaching out to their target. Chapter 2: Literature Review UK Automotive industry Market Overview The UK automotive sector is a highly flexible, dynamic and a global enterprise. The UK is the 12th largest automobile producer in the world and UK car industry has always been export-oriented and is known for exclusive brands, such as the Rolls-Royce, Bentley, Land Rover, Aston Martin and Jaguar. Amongst the key multinational players are: Ford, Toyota, Diamler-Chrysler, GM and Volkswagen. The top five UK car producers include Nissan, Toyota, Honda, MINI and Land Rover (Cunningham et al., n.d.). The automotive sector in the UK is in a state of constant change which is imperative for adapting to challenging commercial, regulatory and technological trends worldwide. However,at present, the UK car industry is in major turmoil. With credit crunch, spiraling oil prices and fragile consumer confidence, the industry is witnessing its worst since 1966. The buyers are shunning dealerships in droves and the manufacturers are in deep thoughts of how to revive the declining sales. The slowdown in the UK mirrors the difficult conditions being experienced across the main European markets. (Paul Everitt, SMMT). The major trends in the UK automotive industry over the last five years, as identified by the Society of Motor Manufacturers Traders Ltd (SMMT), depict the following: UK new car market has eased in recent years, after witnessing a peak of 2.579mn in the fiscal year 2003. The market is now contested by many marques. Fuel-efficiency is a big issue in the UK automotive industry. UK vehicle output has declined, but will recover over the next 18 months (figures as of 2007). In the year 2006 there were 1.65 million cars and commercial vehicles (CVs) produced in the UK alone. In the year 2006 the UK new car market eased to 2.345 million units, its lowest level since 2001. Estimates show that over 2 million vehicles are currently scrapped each year. Global automotive market is very positive and is largely driven by Asian demand, in particular in China and India. Skoda- The Brand and the Re-Branding Skoda Auto is an automobile manufacturer based in the Czech Republic. It was once one of Europes leading producers of quality, highly engineered cars but its fortunes plummeted under the post-Second World War communism phenomenon. It was until 1989 when Volkswagen took a 30% stake in the beleaguered car firm, that there were any signs of hope for the uplift of the company. In 21991, Volkswagen bought Skoda outright and this was when the journey of improvement triggered off for Skoda. Backed by VWs expertise and investments, the design of Skoda, both in terms of style and engineering, improved greatly. Although Skoda cars were quite at par with those of the rivals, in terms of function, style and value for money, the entire brand image of Skoda lagged far behind. As Chris Hawkens (Marketing Director Skoda, 1999) stated: All the research showed quite substantial levels of rejection of the Skoda brand by consumers. (Creativity Works, 2003) Trying to Sell Skodas is Like Trying to Sell Nuclear Waste. Hawken took up the initiative to challenge the negative perceptions about Skoda and to create a new brand platform to ensure future growth. The action plan called for innovation and a carefuly integrated marketing communications strategy which comprised of three core strands: Advertising Direct marketing Public relations As a result, the entire image of the Skoda brand improved and eventually changed altogether. Volkswagen The Brand Volkswagen commercial vehicles is another brand of the Volkswagen group, like Skoda, and is a separate marque to Volkswagen Passenger Cars since 1995. VWs relationship with the UK automobile industry dates back to 1952 when the first two models of Beetles were introduced into the market. In 1953 Volkswagen Motors Ltd officially became the UK importer, and the brand thereon went from strength to strength and became to be knows as the peoples car. The Volkswagen Passenger Cars brand runs a combination of three core values: innovative, providing enduring value and responsible. Technology, people and the environment dominate the philosophy and actions of Europes largest automaker. Double marketing has been the key for Volkswagen. It is not about stuffing multiple messages into one campaign, ratherrunning multiple campaigns on different messages concurrently. Volkswagen has more often indulged in launching many models collectively and hence has exploited this marketing strategy. The campaigns of 2006 provide a classic example of this phenomenon at Volkswagen: the Unpimp my ride campaign about design and control, the obeying your fast campaign for the GTI and the safe happens bold TV ads for the Jetta. Chapter 3: Research Methodology The research methodology for this report entails a careful blend of both primary and secondary sources available. Primary Sources of Data Five customers of Skoda and Volkswagen were randomly interviewed for their views about the marketing strategies of both the companies, using open-ended questions to yield maximum response. This helped to assess their response towards the media and campaigns deployed by these brands and to evaluate the extent of impact and penetration of the marketing tools used into the target customers. Attempts were made to interview at least one reliable personnel from the respective companies. However, due to lack of time and confidentiality issues of the company, this mode of research did not yield any reliable information for evaluation purposes. Secondary Sources of Data The secondary sources tapped include various books, published material, both from official as well as unofficial sources and both from electronic as well as print media. These include expert reviews on the marketing strategies of each company, company annual reports and other authentic related articles available on marketing strategies of Skoda and Volkswagen. Various advertisements, both from the print as well as electronic media, have also been carefully studied to conduct a comparative analysis for both the companies. Chapter 4: Discussion Analysis Skoda Turning Negative Perceptions into Positive Rather than try to make it into a hero brand, which wasnt realistic, we made it the underdog, and everyones on the side of the little guy. (James, 2002) Under the marketing communications strategy deployed by Hawkens and the innovative It is a Skoda, honest campaign, the market share of the company almost doubled. He confronted head-on the cars negative image using subtle, intelligent humor, targeting Skoda rejecters precisely. The rejuvenating marketing communications strategy of Skoda comprised of (James, 2002): Advertising: targetting the entire country, primarily through TV. Drect Marketing: targetted prospective buyers and existing customers, designed to encourage test-driving the new car. Public Relations: played a supplemental role by image-changing articles. Press was fed with information about motoring awards and VK backing. The success stories about Skoda now read Historys biggest comeback since Bobby Ewing stpped out of the shower, the new Skoda is hip and sexy yes, sexy. For a budget of about $7 million, Skoda witnessed increased sales, more than 23%, over the course of the 18-month campaign which marked the turn-around for the brand (James, 2002). Skodas Marketing Communication Mix The recent marketing communication strategy of Skoda constitutes the following key elements: TV Advertising Most Talked About Add of 2007 TV advertising has always been a win for Skoda. The baking of add of 2007 is a remarkable example of the strategic advertising vision of the company. The award-winning add featured a group of master bakers creating a life-size car out of cake icing, jelly headlights and full of lovely stuff strapline. The Favorite Things soundtrack provided the background score for the extremely attractive recepie. The cake add was indeed a radical move for Skoda. It was accompanied by columns in leading journals and magazines as the PR team took the initiative to send cake tins with ingredients to journalists. As a part of the direct marketing campaign, chocolate scented air fresheners were sent to potential and existing custoemrs of Skoda. Being an extremely bold positoning, Skoda adds communicated the message of how Skoda delivered exceptional customer service (Turner, 2007). Award winning website Skoda UKs official website (www.skoda.co.uk) is yet another critical element of the marketing communications mix of the brand. The highly attractive, animated and engaging website played a crucial role in nurturing the marketing mix of Skoda. Its online marketing campaign won it laurels in 2008- the Best Motor Manufacturer Home Page and Best Motor Manufacturer for Purpose Intent (www.skoda.co.uk). The criteria for judgment included factors such as web design, use of animation, ease of navigation, and search tools available. The sites creative effectiveness has been demonstrated by a remarkable 400% increase in requests for test drives and brochures. MyClick Technology Skoda has indulged in a mobile WAP site MMS MyClick advertising platform as a recent communication strategy. This is an endeavor to deliver a unique brand experience to consumers on their mobile devices.The image recognition technology of MyClick allows Skoda to reach end users with instant services wherever they are. Skoda is using this idea to provide an interactive platform where mobile users can access its Believe In Life information by simply clicking their mobile phone camera (Roberts, 2008). Volkswagens Marketing Communications Mix Volkswagen, the brand, deploys two key elements in its marketing communications strategy: Online Marketing The official website (www.volkswagen.co.uk) provides the most life-like experience of choosing a car on the internet. It allows the visitors to access the retailers booking systems and book test drives in real time. Also they are able to see which models are available at any specific time and retailer and make online reservations. The dynamic feedback mechanism employed by the website allows the customer to search and modify their preferred car in real time hence, as initially imagined by Volkswagen. The website is much responsive and provides a much richer customer experience Double Marketing Volkswagen and the Blues A multi-tiered, fully integrated marketing strategy was incorporated for the multiple-model launch in 2003, with the help of The Blues promotional team (Volkswagen and The Blues, n.d.). The marketing strategy adopted covered a diverse range of communications media including: TV and radio ads Online marketing on The Blues website Paid advertising: print ads in leading journals, in-flight marketing campaign with major national airlines Events marketing: Radio City concert, presence at key film and music festivals, etc. Ancillary products Educational outreach: Letter from Volkswagen and logo presence in Teachers Guides sent to 45,000 teachers nationwide. Chapter 5: Conclusion Skoda has gone from trash to treasure with the overwhelmingly innovative marketing strategy of the Volkswagen group. This can be accredited to simply revamping the marketing communications mix, which even called for complete elimination of typical elements such as sponsorships. Instead it focuses primarily on four key aspects of marketing: advertising, direct mail, public relations and more recently online marketing. Ultimately transforming the company image from a joke to a hero brand, the correct marketing strategy and timely deployment of that strategy have radically changed the perceptions of Skoda and it is today one of the fastest growing car brands in the UK. Volkswagen Passenger Cars, on the other hand, is a brand of the same parent group, however with much lesser prominence as compared to that of Skoda. The most prominent feature of VWs marketing strategy is double marketing, vis-Ã ¡-vis the three-pronged strategy of Skoda. Both brands have strong market presence and are working effectively with their individual marketing strategies. However, those deployed by Skoda are much more impact-full and far-reaching than VWs. Chapter 6: Recommendations Skoda is suggested the following set of recommendations: Although the negative perceptions have withered off, the positive preconceptions are to be secured. Hence, Skoda needs to promote a we-are-not-as-bad-as-you-think impression. Create a new communications theme that is able to sustain the brands sense of individuality, without Skoda being perceived as just any other car brand. Volkswagen Passenger Cars is suggested the following set of recommendations: Enhance the marketing communications mix with more emphasis on the advertising campaigns, such as those launched by Skoda. References Creativity Works (2003) HOW SKODA USED CREATIVITY TO INCREASE SALES BY 27% Available at: www.dandad.org/inspiration/creativityworks/pdf/skoda.pdf [Accessed 8th November 2009] Cunningham, Margaret; Doherty, Joanne; Douglas, Thomas; Garland, Philip; Guo Xiadi; Harmer, Chris (n.d.) The Death of the Skoda Joke and the Rebirth of the Brand. Available at: www.busmgt.ulst.ac.uk/modules/bmg900j3/Skoda%20Report.ppt [Accessed 8th November 2009] James, Dana (2002) Rebuilding Reputations Skoda goes from trash to treasure Available at: www.amaphoenix.org/files/Rebuidling%20Reputation [Accessed 18th November 2009] Roberts, Benna (2008) Skoda users MyClick Mobile image recognition technology for Mobile Marketing Available at: http://www.gomonews.com/skoda-users-myclick-mobile-image-recognition-technology-for-mobile-marketing/ [Accessed 5th November 2009] Smith, P R Taylor, Jonathan (2005) Marketing Communications Turner,Clark (2007) How Skoda created the most talked about ad of 2007 Available at: www.utalkmarketing.com//Article.aspx?Skoda_created_the_most_talked_about_ad_of_2007 [Accessed 18th November 2009] Volkswagen and The Blues (n.d) Available at: www.sgptv.org/sponsor-casestudies/original/5.pdf [Accessed 5th November 2009]

Athletes Essay -- Sports, High Salary

How much money does the average person really need to be able to eat three times a day, have a roof over their head, send their children to school and have a car? All this could be done on an income between $30,000 and $40,000 easily. But somehow it was decided that people who labour harder than most, city workers, janitors and factory workers, would be paid less than someone who sits behind a desk all day or someone who plays a game for a living. Today athletes are the highest paid people in the country, with the exception of Donald Trump and his toupee. It is ridiculous to believe that someone is really worth hundreds of millions of dollars, and all they have to do is play a sport that millions of people would play for free if given the chance. Therefore, I strongly believe that professional athletes are overpaid due to several reasons. Schingle stated that personal athletes get paid what the market will bear (2008). If attendance at sporting events were to decrease, or advertising dollars were to dry up, they would start getting paid less (Schingle 2008). Since professional sports are a form of entertainment, Schingle said that in America, people pay for their entertainers dearly (2008). Moreover, Schingle compared sports with other field which is Hollywood where he stated that actors are also overpaid in their industry (2008). Bate stressed that most people are jealous that they keep complaining about athlete’s pays (2008). Some people claimed that they pay the athlete’s wages through the ticket money but they did not realize that the endless demand for the tickets and the thirst for the game is what created the high wages (Bate 2008). An athlete has to sacrifice a lot to reach the top of his profession which is being a pr... ... in Africa who are dying from hunger (2008). On top of that, the money can be used for other beneficial things such as increase the salary of doctors, engineers, low paid factory workers working 12 hours a day and make this world a better place to live in (Wadhwa 2008). Lastly, Wadhwa stressed that athletes entertain us but they do not save lives or make this world a better place to live, like doctors and other workers who spend the whole life time just earning enough to survive (Wadhwa 2008). In conclusion, the reason that the athletes are overpaid because of the market demand is not acceptable because the individual’s greed, the owner’s greed and the fact that sports are only for entertainment make it clear that athletes are overpaid for no beneficial reasons. The government should control the flow of money and use it for the development of the country.

The News of the World Phone Hacking Scandal

The News of the World Phone Hacking Scandal from Business Ethics and CSR Point of View Date: 21 June 2012 Executive Summary The focus of the project you’re about to read is on the recently phone hacking scandal of famous UK News agency, – The News of The World. The report include a brief explanation of what has happened based on pre-selected online articles, analysis of the scandal from Business Ethics point of view by using various CSR theories discussed during the CSR course in period four and provides conclusion and recommendations on what could have been done.The research is built on identification of the moral problem identification, analysis of the scandal, optional actions which could have been taken to avoid the situation, evaluation of the scandal from business ethics perspective by using business ethics theories. To make sure that the scandal is analyzed realistically the report covers different stakeholder perspectives. Nonetheless, the report addresses one o f the most important scandals of the news industry and aims to handle the issues from Business Ethics and CSR point of view.Contents Introduction3 The News of the World and Phone hacking Scandal background4 1. What the dilemma is about5 2. Stakeholder Analysis6 2. 1. Who acted and who had to act? 6 2. 2. Stakeholder and their interests/actions7 2. 3. Moral values9 3. Theoretical analysis10 3. 2. Sustainability10 3. 3. Ethical Value Judgment11 3. 4. Virtue Ethics (Phone Hacking)12 3. 5. Utilitarianism: Consequentialist approach13 3. 6. Universalism: Deontological approach14 4. Conclusion and recommendations15 Bibliography16 IntroductionThe scandal analyzed within this report is one of the most discussed and complicated scandals the news world has ever faced. In order to be able to realistically present company and adequately evaluate this whistle blowing journalistic research which revealed the greatest journalistic scandal ever the following criterion were used: * Business Aspect of the scandal * Moral aspect of the issue and public reaction * Political aspect of the problem * Ethical theoretical relevancy * Social elements of the scandalAll the gathered data is analyzed according to the theoretical knowledge gained during the course. Company Mission Statement: †Our practice is the fearless advocacy of truth. [We] will seek for the patronage of no party †¦will conceal neither the merits nor the faults of any party, but†¦ will aim alone at doing good service to old England by maintaining her glory and security, the prosperity of all classes of the people. † (Hinton. (2011). After 168 years, what changed?. Available: http://hintonandco. com/tag/mission-statement/. Last accessed 14 June 2012. This in itself is a very powerful mission statement which was left as an inheritance from the company’s founding fathers. After 168 years they first have been in business, the staff were empowered by these powerful words. The culture that was ini tially â€Å"advocated for truth† was left to run uncontrolled even if it was for the cost of breaking the law. The News of the World and Phone hacking Scandal background For the first time being published in 1843 the News of the World was one of the most read Newspaper in the United Kingdom, until 2011.During the period of its publication it was the biggest selling English language newspaper not only in the UK but also globally. The company initially was established by John Browne Bell in 1843 and later was sold to Lascelles Carr in 1891 and last was bought by News Corporation in 1969. News of the World was the Sunday sister paper of The Sun. The newspaper main focus was on its specialty on celebrity-based scoops and populist news. Its â€Å"extraordinary† scandal news earned the company various names, including but not limited to famous News of the Screws and Screws of the World slogan. UK: BBC. (2011). News of the World to close amid hacking scandal. Available: www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-14070733. Last accessed 14 June 2012. ) The company was famous for exposing celebrities as drug users, sexual peccadilloes, or criminals, setting up insiders and journalists in disguise to provide either video or photographic evidence, and phone hacking which became obvious in 2011. With its paparazzi style and delivering personalized news, the paper was selling over 2 million copies on weekly basis up until 2010.Though the phone hacking allegations started back in 2006, accusations reached to its top level on the 4th of July 2011, when it was revealed that the newspaper staff had intercepted and deleted the voicemail of missing British teenager Milly Dowler, who was later found murdered. As a result of the intense allegations News International announced the closure of the newspaper on July the 7th 2011. However the scandal did not just end there by closing the company, it got deepened as the investigations got intensive.The most horrible news was that the comp any had hacked the phones of the British service personnel killed in action, their families, people who died during 9/11 and their families. However ethical dilemmas do not just end by the phone hacking scandal, but also secondary dilemma starts with the speech of the owner of the News Corp. Richard Murdoch’s announcement on February the 17th 2012 in London that they were soon to launch a Sunday edition of The Sun as a successor to the News of the World and they were planning to employ a number of former News of the World journalists. . What the dilemma is about When the investigations initially started in 2005 it was concluded that the company’s phone hackings were only limited to celebrities, politicians and a few members of the British Royal Family. However when it was revealed in July 2011, that the phones of the murdered schoolgirl Milly Dowler’s , relatives of deceased military members, victims of the 7/7 London bombings and some of the 9/11 victims were a lso accessed. As a result of those unethical actions a public outcry against News Corporation and owner Rupert Murdoch culminated. (UK: BBC. 2011). News of the World to close amid hacking scandal. Available: www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-14070733. Last accessed 14 June 2012. ) Even though the public relatively calmed down after the company was closed, the anti-Murdoch and anti-News Corp. protests culminated once again after the owner of the company announced that they are planning to start a new newspaper agency by hiring the same staff under different name. 1. Stakeholder Analysis 2. 1. Who acted and who had to act? Phone hacking scandal covered multi level stakeholders. The following were the major stakeholders:In this case the main responsible stakeholders were the News Corp Management, Richard Murdoch; – the owner of the company and the British Government/monitoring institutions within the government. These stakeholders were legally responsible for making it sure that the news paper was operating within the legal borders. Once the company was suspected for its fraud activities the governmental institutions did their job by starting an investigation on the newspaper’s operations. However these institutions did fail to monitor the newspaper activities prior to the scandal.Both the News Corp. and the owner of the company, Richard Murdoch claimed not to be knowledgeable of those hacking activities, however they did apologize those harmed as a result of hacking activities and subsequently shut the company down. Meanwhile, the holding company did fail their promises when they announced about their plans of re-starting the newspaper’s successor under different name. 2. 2. Stakeholder and their interests/actions The stakeholders given in the stakeholder map can be divided into two: * Internal * ExternalThe following could be classified as internal stakeholders: 1. The News of the World: It was in the newspapers objective to deliver interesting news at on weekly basis. The company was profit oriented and would do almost everything to achieve its targets. They also had the campaign to expose pedophiles rings rather hollow. That was a dangerous path to go on: we could imagine them asking the question, ‘Will this sell us lots of copies? ’, and if the answer is ‘Yes’, they would do it, no matter if it’s illegal, immoral or indefensible.The culture that was initially â€Å"advocated for truth† was left to run uncontrolled even if it was for the cost of breaking the law. 2. The NotW management: The management had the responsibility to make strategic decisions to run the company profitably. It was in their interest to give the staff as much independence as possible to bring the most sensational news in the news industry. However it was also their responsibility to make sure that the staff’s actions were within the legal boundaries. 3. The staff/journalists: The employees’ main duti es were delivering the news that no other paper delivered.However it was morally their responsibility to act responsibly. 4. Richard Murdoch: It was in his focus that the company was profitable. It was also him as primary responsible person when the company was subject to investigations. He was the one apologizing in public on behalf of the newspaper, which created a good image of the company in short term. However, his announcement about new company being launched again put the News Corp. as holding company in the frontline subject to criticisms. 5. The NOTW shareholders: This group of the stakeholders was the people who invested in the NOTW.It was in their interest that the company was profitable and was running that way continuously. It was definitely out of their focus that the company was engaged such harmful activities. The external stakeholders: 1. The UK government/regulatory institutions: It was government’s/regulatory institutions duty to check the activities of the newspaper and act upon necessity. 2. David Cameroon: The prime minister was criticized for his former director of communications Andy Coulson was an ex-editor of News of the World at the time much of the phone hacking occurred. (Luke Buckmaster and Amber Jamieson. 2011). ‘Hacked to death’: Murdoch kills NotW. Available: http://www. crikey. com. au/2011/07/08/the-latest-24-hours-of-the-NotW-phone-hacking-scandal/. Last accessed 14 June 2012. ) 3. Victims: The victims who were alive or the relatives of the victims were interested in NotW management’s apalogizes. 4. New industry: The industry got harmed by one representative’s action, and the eyes turned towards other news agencies asking one question â€Å"Are they also using same or similar method? † 5. The community: The majority was interested in NotW to apologize and even shut down.However there were small group of people who could potentially be against these and these people were majorly the No tW employees or their relatives. In addition, the community was the main reason why the company did those actions as the demand was very high for such news. The dilemma in the case which makes the stakeholder interests collide: * The NotW company interests for higher profitability * The NotW management objective to bring news at any cost * Possible corruption within the government * High level of public demand for scandal newsSumming it up, there are over 10 major stakeholders being divided into two parts, internal and external stakeholders. However the most interesting part is that some of the stakeholders have mixed interests. For instance, the government who used the information provided by the newspaper, used and sought more news without checking the source of the news and later on accusing the NotW for fraud. In addition, the community who which was the main drive for the hacking due to the demand also had mixed interest levels. 2. 3. Moral values The question â€Å"What is Mo ral† in itself is debatable.However one can accept that moral values are values shared by the majority. If there would not have been any value in common in the community, it would be impossible or extremely hard to decide on what is moral. In fact, one can see that some values are shared with higher acceptance late than others. The phone hacking scandal covers various moral values’ elements: * Responsibility * Accountability * Cooperation * Honesty * Commitment * Integrity * Equality The actions taken by all the stakeholders must meet at least one of the above given elements in order to be considered moral. 2. Theoretical analysis . 1. Carroll’s Pyramid Based on Carroll’s pyramid a company has four levels of responsibility which are Economic, Legal, Ethical and Philanthropic responsibilities. Analyzing the NotW’s overall operational structure we can conclude that their major focus was on Economic responsibility, making more profit in shortest time p ossible. Their mission statement did touch Legal and Ethical responsibilities as well, however it was not very much clear what their major Ethical responsibilities were. They tried to create ethically responsible image of the company by donating money and hosting charity events.However this in itself was not enough. One can conclude that NotW was settled at the base line of the Carroll’s pyramid. 3. 4. Sustainability Evaluating the NotW from sustainability curves point of view one can spot the target of the management. 1- Ethical Responsibility: The company website and their PR representatives always mentioned that their mission is to bring reliable and honest news. While they were often giving large money donations for good cause. However for the concept of the Phone Hacking Scandal, we can say that one action overcame all the â€Å"Ethical† actions of the company. – Economic Responsibility: This was the main responsibility of the company as they were the large st selling English Language newspaper of the world. 3- Legal Responsibility: The company and the staff were held legally responsible for their actions however the management did not act legally responsible prior to the scandal outbreak. Summing it up we can conclude that the company did not meet all the sustainability elements and lacked sound CSR policy. 3. 5. Ethical Value Judgment We inherit ethical standards suiting our community the most.As people, the companies are as well judged upon firm views about right and wrong. Some of those ethical views are so strong that, shaking them will shake the whole fundamentals. Reliability and trust are those of major elements in these ethical standards that any news company would be judged upon. Looking at the NotW, we can confirm that, the company not only ignored the prevailing norms of the industry but also shook the fundaments of the ethical expectations from a news agency. (James Griffin (2006). Value Judgment Improving Our Ethical Beli eves. 2nd ed.New York, the USA: Oxford University Press. p 60- 98. ) However finally the management took the right psychological decision by stopping the company operations. NotW NotW Phone Hacking Scandal Prevailing norms of News industry Value judgments and perceptions of the audiance ETHICAL? 3. 6. Virtue Ethics (Phone Hacking) â€Å"Virtue ethics† is shortly the development of a person or a company into an ethically responsible one to lead ethical and responsible life/operations. To achieve that level it is important to develop responsible character traits which are called virtues.In Phone Hacking Scandal both the government and the management had to determine specific virtues and play the role of Virtue Ethics Agent. Based on virtue ethics, to determine whether an action is morally acceptable, the action must be chosen responsibly making the virtue equal to responsibility. In most of the case the agent must choose the virtue on the victim and help them. We could see that the British Government acted virtuously and increased the investigation on the hacking scandal, which eventually lead to the end of the NotW.This is mostly due to the fact that NotW as a company lacked major news agency virtues which are being trustworthy, reliable, and honest and one can conclude that the government played an important virtue agent role. 3. 7. Utilitarianism: Consequentialist approach According to the consequentialists it is morally right to do anything if it results in the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people. However the main issue becomes the consequence of the theory which would allow any action to take place under the name of a good cause. Even actions hat would be considered as â€Å"morally wrong† can be accepted within this theory. However according to the utilitarianism, the NotW has created more harm in the community than benefit by hacking people’s private voice mails and, for this reason they are considered to be guil ty for taking morally wrong actions. Looking at from different perspective, if the scandal was not found out, and people enjoyed reading the hacked news, one could say that as long as nobody finds it out, everybody is happy, the consequence is good. Happy & satisfied customer, revenue generating company, taxes received at the government, positive consequence.Once again it is confirmed that this theory can not clearly formulate satisfactory rules for decision making and can easily breach justice/legislation. For the above given reason, one could conclude that the Utilitarianism is not the best way of assessing an action by means of morality. 3. 8. Universalism: Deontological approach Kant's deontological ethics theory is based on Deon – duty. If the scandal is approached from Kant's categorical imperative principle point of view, we can conclude that it is the duty of any News Agency to deliver the news to its customers within the given standards without violating the otherâ⠂¬â„¢s private lives.Since this theory is built on the actions that lead to the outcome, then we can conclude that it was not only the NotW but also the regulatory institutions who acted immoral by not monitoring the NotW properly and providing the ground for the company to take such actions. 3. Conclusion and recommendations Failing almost every Ethical Theory, not having sound CSR system, being majorly financials’ oriented firm, the News of the World’s Phone Hacking activities were completely against not only the British Business ethical standards but also the international ethical standards.The NotW management had various mistakes, including but not limited to giving power to their staff without monitoring them on according to the standards. Which consequently lead for the largest scandal of the news industry. However, the management did take the right step by announcing the NotW closed which created a caring image in the community, and saved the holding News Corp. company. Meanwhile, Mr. Murdoch’s announcement of News Corp. launching a new successor of the NotW created more aggression within the public. The following would be final recommendations for the News Corp. s the NotW is no longer exists: 1- Give your staff power, but do not let the aggression take their power over 2- Corporate Social Responsibility is not donations, but acting. After such incident, the management should start different volunteer activities not only in the UK but also the other parts of the globe. 3- Define a sound CSR policy covering both your internal and external activities 4- Add learning objectives which you have acquired and which you are missing from your mal-management to your website to let your customers understand that you are aware of your mistake and have learnt from it. – Do not hide your history 6- Engage with your customers via different tools, including but not limited to Social Media means and ask for their opinions where they would li ke to see you as a company. 7- Make sure that you have decent reporting system set, and are on track of every single development within the company. Realizing the above given recommendations, the News Corp. will slowly, however soundly be restoring the customer confidence and rise back to their previous levels once again. Bibliography * http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-14070733 * http://www. crikey. com. u/2011/07/08/the-latest-24-hours-of-the-NotW-phone-hacking-scandal/. * http://www. csrquest. net/default. aspx? articleID=12770&heading= * http://www. ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sustainable-business/corporate-social-responsibility/reporting-disclosure/swedish-presidency/files/media-csr/corporate_responsibilty_and_the_media,_david_grayson_en. pdf * http://www. goodcorporation. com/documents/Corporatesocialresponsibilitymorethanaluxury. pdf * http://www. guardian. co. uk/news/blog/2011/jul/11/news-world-hacking-scandal-live * http://www. guardian. co. uk/sustainable-business/bl og/csr-now-hacking-scandal *

Subordinate or Dependent Clause Fragments Essays

Subordinate or Dependent Clause Fragments Essays Subordinate or Dependent Clause Fragments Essay Subordinate or Dependent Clause Fragments Essay A subordinate or dependent clause makes incomplete sense. i)I sit in front of the fireplace, ii) we go for a walk iii)I like people are all examples of such clauses. These can be corrected by completing the idea they express. Therefore, the corrected fragments would be: i)when it is cold, I sit in front of the fireplace; ii) we go for a walk after the dishes are put away; iii)I like people who praise me, respectively[1].2. Verbal Phrase Fragments. Such fragments are incomplete sentences consisting of an infinitive, a past or present participle and a gerund, along with any objects or modifiers. Correction is brought about by combining these fragments with their related main clauses. i) Talking convinced her. Of her oratorical capacity. ii) The soldiers who fought in Afghanistan. Recognition is being accorded to.   These two fragments on correction become i) Talking convinced her of her oratorical capacity. ii) Recognition is being accorded to the soldiers who fought in Afghanistan[2 ].3. Missing Subject Fragments. These fragments, as the name implies, are fragments in which the subject is missing. i) Mark Anthony’s speech to the senate dealt with the treachery of Brutus’. But frequently referred to Brutus as an honourable man. ii) The train came to a halt. And the people got down from it. These fragments are corrected by combining them in a manner such that they have a subject. i) Mark Anthony’s speech to the senate dealt with the treachery of Brutus’ but it frequently referred to Brutus as an honourable man. ii) The train came to a halt and the people got down from it[3].4. Example and Exception Fragments. These fragments are also known as added detail fragments. They lack a subject and a verb. Examples of such fragments are i) The class is poorly attended. For example, today only 25%.   ii) She obtained a pass mark in many of the subjects. Among them, English Literature, Mathematics and Botany. These fragments are on correction b ecome: i) The class is poorly attended, for example,   today only 25% of the total students attended the class. ii) She obtained a pass mark in many of the subjects. Among the subjects that she passed were English Literature, Mathematics and Botany[4].5. Prepositional Phrase Fragments. These fragments generally begin with a preposition. These fragments are corrected by using them to build a new independent clause. A few examples of such fragments are: i) In the cinema hall. ii) By avoiding red meat. On correction they yield i) Adam waited for Eve in the cinema hall. ii) The risk of a coronary stroke is mitigated by avoiding red meat[5].The foregoing is a brief introduction to the various types of sentence fragments and it also gives the method of their correction.[1] Big Dog’s Grammar. Retrieved on 16th June 2006 from http://aliscot.com/bigdog/fragments.htm.[2] Sentence Fragments. Retrieved on 16th June 2006 from uark.edu/campus-resources/qwrtcntr/resources/handouts/frag.ht ml.[3] usip.edu/writing/handouts/ss/SS19-SentenceFragments.pdf.[4] usip.edu/writing/handouts/ss/SS19-SentenceFragments.pdf.[5] ccsn.nevada.edu/english/lab/FRAGMNT.htm.

20 Argumentative Essay Topics on Confucianism

20 Argumentative Essay Topics on Confucianism If you are tasked with writing an argumentative essay on Confucianism, then you need to start off with a topic. Of course, finding the ideal topic can be difficult at best. In order for you to prepare for such a task, you will find 20 impressive topics below on Confucianism which you can use for your argumentative essay. Review the list below and see if you find anything that might work well with your assignment: Confucianism’s Spread Throughout China, Vietnam, Japan, and Korea and What Drove the Spread or the Retraction of It in Each Location. The Use of Confucianism to Legitimize Empires and Rule throughout East Asia Kong, the Master of Confucianism And How He Impacted His Disciples; How They Taught Him in Exchange in the State of Lu, from Between 510 and 479 B.C. How within the Idea of Confucianism, Learning is a Cycle, And the First Step toward Knowledge, Which is the Next Step toward Acting, Which is the Next Step toward Spiritual Fulfillment, Which is the Next Step toward Learning. The 11th Century Neo-Confucianism Rise and the Change That Woodblock Printing Brought to Private Learning Academies for Confucianism as well as Buddhism and Daoism. Zhu Xi and His Ability to Bring Together the New Cosmology Movement and Confucianism as Well as the Shift toward Investigation of Everything so as to Find Self-Cultivation and World Peace. The Change in Japanese National Religion and Confucianism for Chinese and Korean Subjects. The Qing Empire and the Use of Social Order and Education with Confucianism. The Mixture of Religion with Philosophy. The Concepts of Confucianism Supported by the North China Plains Warriors. How Communication Between Spirit World and Men Was Done With Shamans or Oracles. How Warriors Had to Use Sacrificial Rites Called Li to Prevent Spirits from Interfering with Their Affairs. How Astrology Had Been Used to Indicate the Movement of Spirits in the Spirit World. How Mencius during 371 to 289 B.C. Changed the Ruling Class and Learned of Confucianism as a Way to Develop the Warring States. How When Mencius Received the Early Confucianism Teachings a New Idea of Heaven and Earth as Two Locations Arose, and How within Heaven There Were Two Tiers for Rulers and Gentlemen. In 221, The Qin Conquest Caused a Political Shift Which Led to the Han Empire. The Han Emperor Longest for an Explanation of the Cosmos Which is Why Confucianism Was Brought Back. How Han Dynasty Introduced Yin and Yang as Part of Confucianism to Explain That Each Change on Earth Related to a Change in the Cosmos, even Administrative Policies, Climate Changes, or Production Changes. How the Texts of Confucianism Were Studied to Improve Heaven and Earth during Han Rule. How Dong Zhongshu Revived Confucianism Texts during â€Å"Han Confucianism† and Wrote Five Classics Based on Interpretations of Confucianism to Accompany the Old Texts. Aren’t those great ideas? With those in mind, you are well on your way to better understanding and writing an essay on this topic yourself. Nonetheless, in case you are still looking for help on the matter, you can freely use the facts on Confucianism and writing tips on argumentative essays. Below you will find a sample essay on one of the topics above which you can use as a helpful aid in writing your own piece: Sample Argumentative Essay on the Mixture of Religion with Philosophy Religion and philosophy have been the major factors in determining human culture since the dawn of time. Many different religions and schools of thought have had an enormous impact on the evolution of the world. Throughout the world, many philosophies have become religions when changes in political or social landscapes brought forth education changes and demands for new ways of thinking. This was very true of Asian philosophies and educations. Buddhism is both a religion and a philosophy, though it is more a way of life than anything. Buddhism started in 563 BC. Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, was the founder. The core tenets of Buddhism include karma, rebirth, and the journey of the soul toward enlightenment. Islam is the most popular religion in the world today. Islam began on the Arabian Peninsula during the sixth century. It was founded by Muhammad, the prophet, and spread rapidly throughout the world. The tents of Islam touch on every aspect of human life, but it can be considered a monotheistic religion, which shares the roots of Judaism and Christianity. However, Muslims believe that the Qur’an is the unaltered word of God, and that other religious books (the Bible and the Torah) have become corrupted. Confucianism is a philosophy that was birthed in China. This philosophy focuses on improving and perfecting humanity through teaching, as well as the cultivation of virtue and moral perfection. Judaism is the parent religion of Christianity and is the official faith of the Jewish people. Judaism can be traced back more than 3,000 years and is one of the oldest monotheistic religions in the world. Like Islam, Judaism touches on every aspect of a person’s life, depending on their type of Judaism- reformed, orthodox, or conservative. Religion has played an enormous role in world history, and many events that have taken place can be attributed to religion in some way. For instance, the Crusades were motivated by religion (at least ostensibly), with Christians seeking to liberate the Holy City of Jerusalem from Muslims. The Reformation and the ensuing wars were also brought about by religion, with strife among Christians. Germany’s population was reduced by up to 50% during this period. The Holocaust also had religious implications, as the Nazis were very anti-Judaism. One of the most important ways religion has influenced world history was through the development, control, and domination of trade routes. In this instance, religion was used as a means to gain control of areas where valuable trade routes lay. By spreading one religion through an area, a nation could more easily come in and take control of that trade route from another nation with a different religion. Christianity was used to this end during the Middle Ages. References Confucianism.  local (2011): n. pag. Web. A E.,.  Confucious: Words Of Wisdom. A E. Print. CHENG, CHUNG-YING. PREFACE: NEW CONFUCIANISM AS A PHILOSOPHY OF HUMANITY AND GOVERNANCE.  Journal of Chinese Philosophy  38 (2011): 1-2. Web. Hwang Kap Youn,. Classical Confucianism And Neo-Confucianism.  Journal of Eastern Philosophynull.50 (2007): 39-78. Web. Lee, Hyun-Ji. The Post-Modern Implications Of Confucious An Educational Ideal.  Jonrnal of Social Thoughts and Culture  29 (2014): 169. Web. Ruggiero, Adriane.  Confucianism. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2006. Print. Slavicek, Louise Chipley.  Confucianism. San Diego, Calif.: Lucent Books, 2002. Print.

Culture, Social Status and Identity in Viramontes' The Months and Essay

Culture, Social Status and Identity in Viramontes' The Months and Tan's Rules of the Game - Essay Example These stories are the same because they depict the cultural and social status of their characters, and the main protagonists want to mold identities that conflict with their society’s beliefs about womanhood, but they are different, because they discover dissimilar sanctuaries, where they can be, who they are, without being judged. These short stories are the same, because they portray the cultural and social status of the characters. The beliefs and practices of the protagonist in â€Å"The Moths† demonstrate that she comes from a conservative and patriarchal society. This society demands their women to be submissive and skilled in feminine tasks and values, such as crocheting. Her father, who she calls Apa, often gets angry with her, because she dislikes going to church. As part of their conservative and religious culture, they are expected to go to mass every Sundays, especially decent girls and women. But she does not does not like the church, because its â€Å"vas tness† makes her feel alone (Viramontes). Likewise, in â€Å"Rules of the Game,† Waverly’s Chinese is culture is very conservative, where hierarchies exist. On top of the family hierarchy are parents, who children will and should never disobey. When Waverly’s mother says this, she embodies the â€Å"strong wind† in her daughter’s life: â€Å"Strongest wind cannot be seen† (Tan). She cannot see her mother, who is always at her back, watching and commenting on her every move, not only in chess, but in real life. The social status of the characters is also evident in the settings of the story. The protagonist in â€Å"The Moths† lives in a place where superstitions are respected. Her grandmother mixes dried moth wings with Vicks to soothe her â€Å"bull hands† and shrink them back to normal size (Viramontes). Her grandmother also has stomach cancer, but they do not have money to pay for expensive therapies. Similarly, Waverl y lives in a poor community, although she is not aware that she is poor. They live on a â€Å"†¦two-bedroom flat that sat above a small Chinese bakery† (Tan). It signifies living in a cramped and controlled space, where Waverly cannot expect to express her freedoms. These stories are also the same, because the female protagonists challenge their cultures, in order to form their identities. The protagonist in â€Å"The Moths† does not believe in following cultural norms about womanhood. Instead of learning how to crochet, she learns how to plant with her grandmother. Her â€Å"bull hand† signifies that she does not fit with her society, because her personality, preferences, and beliefs oppose female stereotypes and Christian norms. When she smells the chile, she cries not only because of the chile’s spice on her eyes, but also because of herself. She is like a chile that hurts the feelings of her family, who wants her to be someone she is not. She is also compared to the â€Å"defiant† sun, because they both resist changing for others (Tan). When the sun meets the land during sunset, the union depicts that â€Å"endings† are windows to â€Å"rebirths† (Tan). But if she will be reborn, she will be the same pertinent and critical daughter that makes Apa angry and disappointed. Also, Waverly defies her culture, by becoming a great chess player and toppling every other man or boy she plays with. Moreover,

Leadership and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leadership and Management - Essay Example This study stresses that  the public health problem has been further aggravated by insufficient information on disease prevention among the population. Effective leadership is essential for management of the changes and innovation and requires the public health teams to integrate external factors affecting public health service delivery such as political, legal, economic and social . This provides a critical environment for the enhancement of teamwork and the organisation behaviours that characterise service delivery in the public health sector. Public health leaders require these techniques in the effective handling of the employees as well as enhance the application of latest leadership techniques and tools.  According to the research findings  public health sector in the United Kingdom is concerned with assisting people to lead a healthy lifestyle. This suggests that the leadership should focus on policy areas such as nutrition, immunisation, sexual health alcohol and tobacc o, pregnancy and children health. The performance of the public health sector is characterised by the effectiveness of the leadership. A leader is defined as an agent who spearheads goal achievement the through provision of direction and inspiration. Leadership theories can be used in promoting our realization of the individual obligations in management of change and innovation in the public health context. Leadership is an inclusive term that incorporates both character and individual traits. Effective public health leadership is a product of commitment to the community and respect to their values. Theories of leadership have emerged overtime, with some gaining more significance over the others. Three of the most significant theories include situational leadership theory, transformational theory and path goal theory. Moreno, VercÃŒÅ'icÃŒÅ' and Zerfass, (2010) define leadership as the process that involves influencing people towards achievement of goals in a particular situation. On the other hand, management is defined as a collaborative involvement with individuals or groups in the achievement of the organisational goals (Goodwin, Gruen and Ives, 2006). The current public health situation in the United Kingdom requires effective leaders. They should be capable of developing a work force committed to action, empower them and mould the junior leaders into agents of change. Modernisation has led to shift from preference of management (enterprise control) to focus