Family Communication Issues

Political Science for Australian Indigenous Cultural Heritage

Question: Are the ongoing atomic and rocket tests in North Korea and the US reaction, best comprehended as a pragmatist system, a constructivist structure, or a blend of both? Clarify. Answer: Constructivist system actualized by the US is through discourse where the leaders of the included countries consent to talk about under legitimate conditions. The conversations are planned for decreasing the dangers of rocket tests to different countries. North Korea aspirations have prompted utilization of atomic specialists in growing exceptionally progressed atomic weapons. Pragmatist and helpful structures are planned for guaranteeing that there is appropriate national advancement thinking about different countries. Pragmatist system is the place the national interests are viewed as when creating procedures for global relations. The valuable structure centers mostly around the unsafe impacts of a specific activity executed by a country. The ongoing atomic and rocket tests in North Korea and the US reaction is a valuable system as it considers the worldwide prosperity more than the national interests (Sanger, 2017). The rocket tests represent a danger to various countries as they can be immediate to any piece of the world creation North Korea amazing because of their weapon predominance. It is indispensable for countries to lessen the execution of weapon predominance for worldwide harmony. Sensible assessment requires the chiefs to play out an examination of fundamental information in accompanying a choice which will expand the presentation of a country . Social and monetary effects of a choice require being gotten to in creating systems that will influence the drawn out presentation of a nation (Probst Michael, 2014). The systems are should have been viable in expanding global relations through an appropriate methodology of national tasks. The North Korea is required to build up a procedure that considers the wellbeing of different countries for the accomplishment of set long haul objectives of creation. The atomic tests performed by North Korea lessen the global relations with different nations because of the risk forced by the weapons. In the practical system, the military is considered as the most basic unit of the country because of its capacity to maintain control and harmony in a country. The valuable methodology of managing atomic weapons targets stressing on social interests as opposed to the financial effect of the task (Narang, 2015). The atomic weapons negatively affect social advancement requiring the North Korea rocke ts to be controlled for a knowledge of social turn of events. Prejudice in 'the West' today is an inheritance of government. Talk about concerning contemporary race relations in a single western nation. Bigotry is on the ascent particularly in Europe where individuals are separated because of their race. Russia is one of the nations in Europe where prejudice is on the ascent because of separation particularly for the dark individuals (FIDH, 2017). The inheritance of government in prejudices is the place a few nations have a perspective on being more impressive than others because of race. Gross domestic product of states is utilized in making a few nations in the west demonstration better than others because of their monetary steadiness. The high pace of bigotry in Russia has prompted people from various races to take part in the activities of the country. It is fundamental for the administration to assess the heritage of bigotry which adversely influences the monetary and social advancement of a nation. Russia is a country which is broadly known about separating individual because of their race, particularly out in the open spots. This separation diminishes the confidence levels of a person as one is made look sub-par compared to other people. Bigotry casualty can't accomplish potential from creation because of the annihilations caused because of race. The legislature is required to think of methodologies which are planned for diminishing the instances of bigotries in the country for the accomplishment of set long haul objectives (Haltinner, 2014). Universal relations and exchange are adversely influenced by the inheritance of prejudice in Russia where individuals are not ready to connect with tasks in the nation because of expanded separation cases. Imperialism and slave exchange are essential donors of instances of bigotries where a few races appeared to be better than others (Olusoga, 2017). Significantly after expansionism and slave exchange, there have been instances of racial maltreatment to the minority gathering of the general public. It is fundamental to decrease the prejudices cases in a country as it impactsly affects the individual and national exhibition. The impacts of bigotries incorporate; one is the decrease of creation level because of diminished confidence and inspiration. It is basic for representatives to have a most extreme inspiration to accomplish the set individual and authoritative objectives. Bigotries make it difficult for people to arrive at their potential as it influences their capacity to work. Two is psychological maladjustment because of racial maltreatment where one experiences despondency and stress. Persistent abuse because of race lessens the mental and enthusiastic exhibition which could pro mpt dysfunctional behavior. Three is brutality caused because of the racial maltreatment which could prompt injury and passing along these lines it is basic to deal with the instances of racial maltreatment in the general public (Feagin Bennefield, 2014). Four is diminished universal relations where a few countries are not ready to draw in with a nation which is broadly known for racial maltreatment. In conclusion, prejudice prompts decreasing to global exchange as financial specialists are hesitant in going into the matter of the country which prompts diminished monetary execution. The administration of Russia and the European Union has created systems for guaranteeing that there are decreased instances of racial maltreatment in the area. In dealing with prejudices in Europe, the countries consented to International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) where people are required to be dealt with similarly paying little mind to race (FRA, 2017). European Union nations are relied upon to follow the set approaches in taking care of different issues confronting the countries concerning racial separations. Fines and prison terms are utilized in guaranteeing that there are decreased bigotry cases in Russia for the social and financial advancement of the nation. Russia has created instructive projects which target expanding attention to diminished separation for the accomplishment of set macroeconomic objectives of the country. Forestalling racial disdain in a nation is fundamental in giving a decrease of prejudice cases for const ant social advancement. Are basic investigations of whiteness a case of: (pick one idea) agonism, political rightness or a governmental issues of common freedom? Characterize your terms cautiously and clarify. Whiteness hypothesis is planned for recognizing the inception of white individuals by distinguishing the social and social foundation of the individuals. Whiteness contemplates target recognizing the start of white individuals as don't have appearances of other race (Perazzo, 2016). The investigations have added to bigotry in colleges particularly in the USA where the examination is predominant as it means that that white individuals are more special than different races. White individuals are increasingly prevailing in the USA contrasted with different races where study targets recognizing the social convictions of the individuals in the prior days. The whiteness has prompted various conclusions where a few backings and others are against the investigation of deciding the birthplace of white individuals. The authentic and social angles are clarified in the investigations for an efficient recognizable proof of race. Agonism is a political hypothesis which recognizes the issues engage d with governmental issues where some hurtful components positively affect the exhibition of the general public. It is basic in agonism to decide the positive and negative components in the execution of a specific approach in guaranteeing that it accomplishes an expansion in social turn of events. Political mindfulness expects people to procure required information that will build the constructive parts of legislative issues for an expansion in the social and monetary advancement of the country. The politic of shared freedom requires considering the opportunity of all gatherings associated with the general public for a steady exhibition of an association (Edwards, 2014). The shared freedom requires recognizable proof of the necessities of national partners to fulfill the prerequisites for expanded creation. White examinations are identified with legislative issues of common freedom where all races are required to be recognized in the investigation. The exploration is should have been controlled in guaranteeing that there isn't instructing of necessities of racial domination and benefit in the network. White examinations are important to distinguish the perspectives on influenced people of the general public for a steady presentation of in the network. The prevailing perspective on the white network causes the understudies to have various parts of the subject. Shared freedom is fundamental for guaranteeing that the assessments of different partners are recognized in a smooth progression of the network (Agger, 2014). A few people are powerless from the examinations by recognizing the white society as favored in the network. The way of life and history of the white individuals are required to be managed in guaranteeing that there is a steady presentation in a country. The history and cultu re in whiteness considers need to have a common commitment. Freedom requires contemplations of the necessities of different individuals in the network in creating strategies that will emphatically affect the exhibition of the nation (Kinni, 2015). The white examinations have the negative and positive effect on the understudies requiring the framework to execute strategies to guarantee shared advantages to all advantages. Uniformity in the political framework is accomplished through legislative issues of shared freedom where the requirements of various people are recognized and fulfilled. The exhibition depends on the arrangements executed in the country for the accomplishment of set social and monetary objectives. Individuals are required to be similarly tr

Essentials of Corporate Finance

Essentials of Corporate Finance To run a business, you need to know about capital â€" without money, operating a business becomes an impossible task. When it comes to knowing where, when and how to get the capital and perhaps more importantly, how to allocate the capital and make use of it, you must learn about corporate finance. So, what are the essentials of corporate finance? Let’s examine the concept in a nutshell, study its core concepts and understand its relationship with investment banking.CORPORATE FINANCE IN A NUTSHELLWhen it comes to learning about things and understanding issues, you first need to know the value of the information. You need to know the meaning of what you are trying to comprehend.Essentially, you need to ask yourself why the essentials of corporate finance matter to you. The quite simple answer is that you can’t run a business without corporate finance.Every single corporation and business out there will involve itself with corporate finance because it is all about the different financial activities a company is required to perform for operating. Corporations need corporate finance to operate and more specifically to create value.Whether your business is small or large, you most likely have a dedicated person or even a department to oversee the financial activities â€" to look after the corporate finance of the organization and ensure the business is not failing due to its financial handling.What kind of issues does corporate finance deal with? Some of the typical questions you could deal with include answering things like:Should the company invest in the proposed investment?Should the company make payments with equity or debt, or a bit of both?Should the shareholders receive dividends on the investments they make in the company?The final example above points out to a crucial aspect of corporate finance, which deals with shareholders and the value they receive. The actions and activities of corporate finance are indeed primarily focused on maximizing shareholder value, either through long- or short-term financial activities.The idea is to plan and use strategies that ensure this value creation is effective and appropriate. Therefore, things like capital investment and investment banking are part of corporate finance essentials.To recap the above, the pri mary function of corporate finance is to:Increase and maximize shareholder value.Due to the primary function, corporate finance deals with:The different sources of funding and the capital structure of the corporation in question, as well as the actions managers take to increase the value.Furthermore, corporate finance essentials include:The tools and actions, which are utilized in allocating the financial resources of the organization, and the strategies taken to achieve the ultimate function.Before I start outlining the main concepts of corporate finance, it’s crucial to note how the concept can have slightly different meanings depending on the countries it is being talked about. The finer meaning of the word ‘corporate finance’ is approached and understood differently depending on which country you are based in.For example, in the US, the concept has a much broader definition than in the UK. The US definition deals with different financial activities and techniques that can be used in reference to company’s finances and capital. On the other hand, the UK definition of the concept is much narrower and tends to be linked with transactions that help raise company’s capital and in which the capital is used to create, develop, grow or acquire businesses.This post will focus on the broad essentials of corporate finance and the main concepts used around the world. THE MAIN CONCEPTS OF CORPORATE FINANCECorporate finance essentials can be divided into two main categories: investment analysis or capital budgeting, and working capital management. What are these concepts?Investment analysis/capital budgetingInvestment analysis or capital budgeting has at its core the aim of adding value to the long-term corporate finance projects. These are projects, which relate to the investments that are funded through capital structure.In other words, corporate finance first studies how the company deploys its long-term capital, i.e. where it is spending or investing its m oney.So, how do corporations get their hands on capital and then how do they invest it? First, let’s examine the different capital structures of the company and the basis of corporate finance.Capital structureCorporate finance is interested in increasing the shareholder value and in order to do so, it generally has to invest in order to expand and to grow. In order to be able to invest, the organization must find ways to finance this growth and investment. There are generally two different ways of financing corporate activity:Self-generating capital (i.e. selling products and services)Issuing new debt and equityFurthermore, the capital structure usually consists of a combination of the following sources of capital:Debt capital â€" which is often borrowed funding, either as debt capital or credit.Equity capital â€" which refers to the money companies raise by selling shares to investors.Preferred stock â€" which is a hybrid version, including both an equity and a debt instrument.Th e organizations role is to find a balance between these different options for sourcing capital and creating a sustainable capital structure. Generally, this means using different capital sources to ensure there isn’t an over-reliance on a single source or capital model. You can find out more about capital structure from the introductory video below: Investment and project valuationAfter a business has dealt with the capital structure, the focus of corporate finance moves to capital investment and budgeting. The process of capital investments, of deciding where the money should go in order to attract long-term value, is determined by capital budgeting. For this, the organization must consider investment and project valuation.The valuation process is essentially determining how maximize the benefits, i.e. profits, and to minimize risks and costs. The most common calculation related to investment and project valuation is the discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation. This determines the c ash flow expected from the investment and therefore, shows whether it is worth it.To calculate DCF, the organization needs to implement concepts such as time value of money to determine the present value of future cash flows. The sum of the different present values will provide the net present value (NPV), which shows whether the investment is worth the costs. Other key ways to measure the investment value as part of corporate finance include:Discounted payback periodEquivalent annuityRate of returnFurthermore, project valuation requires an understanding of flexibility. This refers to accounting for uncertainty in terms of the project in question. This could be about considering the right growth rate for building the additional factory and the rate of growth at which this wouldn’t happen.This way, when calculating future cash flow, the company can account for both situations: the stage at when the factory is built and when it isn’t. Since most organizations are faced with these situations of uncertainty, the investment and project analysis has to involve plenty of quantifying uncertainty analysis. This typically means assessing the sensitivity of a specific occurrence, or the so-called stress testing.Capital investing is the most crucial aspect of corporate financing. By budgeting capital to the right projects and investments, the organization identifies where it can make money and where it is spending money. The budgeting will help understand things such as future cash flows, comparison of planned investments and their proceeds, and the projects that are worth investing in.Therefore, this part of corporate finance is often considered the most serious in terms of business implications. If you get capital investments wrong, you might end up with a non-functioning business. Essentially, bad capital budgeting and investing will lead to either over-investments or under-investments, which in turn can damage the financial competitiveness of the organization.Gett ing this part of corporate finance right is a must-do for organizations. Furthermore, the concept of capital financing, i.e. finding the balance of sourcing capital either in the form of debt or equity, is crucial.If the organization sells stocks too quickly, it can lead to unsustainable levels of earnings, although relying on debt can increase the default risk of the organization. Therefore, there must always be a balance between how capital financing works in order to meet the capital needs of the investments.Working capital managementThe second major concept of corporate finance is working capital management. This is about the day-to-day process of running the business and therefore more focused on the short-term growth of the business.So, whereas the capital budgeting looks at the long-term investment and growth, capital management refers to managing the relationship of short-term assets and liabilities. The idea is that through proper working capital management, the business ha s the right kind of capital to fund the long-term investments and keep the organizations long-term finances in great check.What is working capital? The term working capital refers to the funds that are required for the day-to-day business operations before the organization receives payments on products and services it has delivered to customers.It is essentially the money the organization needs to have at hand to produce goods and services, keep employees and offices running, before anyone pays the company for these said services and goods. The amount is calculated by analyzing the difference between current assets (the resources in cash) and current liabilities (cash requirements).The difference here in terms of the above calculations of cash flow is the focus on present. The capital considered is always current instead of a predicted sum, for example. The criteria applied in working capital are as follows:Cash flow and liquidityProfitability and return on capitalHow is working cap ital managed? Considering the information laid out above, working capital management has important functions as part of the corporate finance process. Some of the most important functions include the following:Cash management â€" Which is about identifying the balance you need to have to meet day-to-day expenses while reducing the cost of holding on to large amounts of cash.Inventory management â€" Identifying the right level of inventory, which guarantees uninterrupted provision of goods and services, while reducing the cost of investment in the raw materials of the production of such goods and services.The aim of the above functions is to manage the current assets of the organization (cash, inventory and debtors), as wells as the short-term financing (cash flow, returns) and ensure the short- and long-term growth of the organization is acceptable and leads to the ultimate objective of corporate finance: enhancing shareholder value.Working capital management is often referred to in this context as short-term liquidity, as the process is about ensuring the organization has enough liquidity to finance the on-going operations. If the company can’t meet the current liability obligations, the long-term growth will suffer.The trick is to find the right type of capital financing, which ensures there is enough short-term liquidity, but also focus on creating long-term investment opportunities for the organization to grow further.Corporate finance in actionLet’s examine corporate finance and the above concepts through an example of how it operates in real life.Consider you own a Business A that makes shoes. You are thinking about adding a new manufacturing plant in order to respond to increasing demand and to provide more value for shareholders.What does it require to open a new factory? Well, you need to consider the finances of it â€" how will you finance the plant? Will it provide enough value? In short, you’ll need to negotiate with investors or banks to dea l with the financing and understand how the short-term liquidity of your existing business is affected by the plan.The finance department of your business will use the above concepts to determine the best capital structure to fund your venture. It will also do cost calculations in order to determine the cash flow predictions of adding the new product facilities, as well as ensure you don’t have another way of going about growth.Perhaps you don’t need a completely new factory, but just an additional product line? Finally, you’ll use the corporate finance expertise of your finance department to ensure the plans have as little disruption to your current day-to-day operations as possible.RELATIONSHIP WITH INVESTMENT BANKINGLike I mentioned at the start, corporate finance has slightly different meanings in different countries. Just like the UK, some countries and people associate corporate finance with investment banking as well. This is due to its close nature in terms of increasi ng or maximizing shareholder value.If you consider the main purpose of an investment bank, it’s often about evaluating a specific company’s financial needs and then raising the appropriate amount of capital to meet those needs.With that and the above in mind, the terms ‘corporate finance’ or ‘corporate financier’ relate to these types of investment banking transactions that are aimed growing, creating, developing, or acquiring businesses, and therefore, increasing the shareholder value.The typical transactions linking investment banking with corporate finance include a broad range of actions and strategies. Below is an overview of some of these transactions:Raising capitalRaising seed, start-up, development or expansion capitalRaising capital view issuing of equity or debt, or other related securitiesRaising capital through special corporate investment funds, including private equity and venture capitalRaising capital through real estate and infrastructure fundsMergers, acquisitions and demergersMerging with other organizationsAcquisitions of other of businessesDemerging with pars of the corporationAll of the above can include both private and public deals or public-to-private dealsBuy-outs or buy-insManagement buy-outs or buy-insBuy-outs or buy-ins of similar divisions or subsidiaries, generally backed by private equityEquity issuing and financial joint-venturesFlotation of companies on the stock exchangeSecondary equity issuing, either through private placing or further stock releasesFinancing of joint-ventures, including infrastructure finance, project finance, and public-private partnerships and privatizationsRaising and restructuring debtRaising debt to fund above venturesRestructuring debt to fund above ventures or other financial transactions of the corporationAs the above show, there are a wide range of transactions that relate to corporate finance, which might be dealt with by an investment bank. Furthermore, corporate finance involves a n umber of financial roles from financial advisors to corporate accountants.Corporate finance is also an area that relates broadly with financial risk management. This is due to the financial risk influencing corporate value directly and therefore, by monitoring financial risk, you can better understand the value implications of certain actions and strategies for creating more value for the shareholders.Due to the broad inclusion of these different financial sectors and concepts, the essentials of corporate finance are important to know for anyone working in the finance sector or being involved in the management of a company. To recap the above, check out this introductory video to corporate finance and why companies need to understand it by ICAEW: FINAL THOUGHTSCorporate finance is as essential to running a business as money is for keeping the company running. Essentially, that is what corporate finance is about: attracting, allocating and advancing capital.The focus point of corpora te finance is to identify and understand how shareholder value can be enhanced â€" to provide investors and shareholders a better return. As the above has shown, corporate finance needs to do this by examining both the short- and long-term allocation of capital.The focus is on understanding which projects and investment provide the organization the best long-term benefit to keep going, but also how to manage capital in the short-term to keep the business’ day-to-day operations running smoothly.Corporate finance is therefore crucial for the survivability of the organization â€" big or small. While there are certain differences in how broadly the concept is defined, with investment banking and risk assessment included under the umbrella of the concept in some countries, the essence of the term remains the same in most situations: the analysis of business activities related with the organizations financial decisions.To understand the business and to improve the business, you must und erstand corporate finance.

Electrophoresis Separation Of Proteins Cytochrome C Myoglobin free essay sample

Electrophoresis Separation Of Proteins Cytochrome C, Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, And Serum Albumin By Using Isoelectric Focusing System ( Ief ) Essay, Research Paper Electrophoresis Separation of Proteins Cytochrome C, Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, and Serum Albumin by Using Isoelectric Focusing System ( IEF ) Introduction Proteins are composed of aminic acids. All aminic acids are amphiprotic molecules dwelling of three types of amino acids: impersonal, acidic, and basic. Therefore, for any protein there is a characteristic pH, called the isoelectric point ( pi ) , at which the protein has no net charge and hence will non travel in the electric field. Electrophoresis takes advantage of this characteristic. Proteins are electrophoreased, and the most negatively charged protein moves closest to the cathode, and the most positively charged protein moves closest to the anode. Cytochrome C was expected to travel closest to the cathode, and serum albumen was expected to travel closest to the anode. Merely cytochrome C was expected to travel to the cathode. The other three proteins were expected to travel toward anode. The intent of cataphoresis was to see how a difference in pi makes a difference in the cataphoretic mobility of protein. Materials and Methods Four proteins were electrophoreased by utilizing the Tris-Glysin buffer of pH 8.6 and a horizontal agarose gel 1.1 % in isoelectric focussing ( IEF ) at a electromotive force of 175 V and at a current of 79 ma. The agarose gel was made by blending 0.18g of agarose in 1.5ml of Tris-Glysin buffer with a pH of 8.6. That is 100 % * 0.18 / ( 0.18 + 15 ) = 1.1 % of agarose gel. 15? ? cubic decimeter of each protein sample was loaded into each sample application good on the agarose gel without blending with glycerol solution. After the agarose gels were placed on the phase of the cataphoresis chamber, Tris-Glysin buffer of pH 8.6 was filled in the cataphoresis chamber carefully until the agarose gels were somewhat covered with the buffer. Four proteins had electrophoreased for approximately 50 proceedingss. The agarose gels were removed from the cataphoresis chamber and stained overnight with the Coomassie Blue to visualise proteins in the agarose gel. Consequences Well 1 Cytochrome C pI 10.2 Well 2 Myoglobin pi 7.2 Well 3 Hemoglobin pi 6.8 Well4 Serum albumin pI 4.8 Sample Volume 15? ? cubic decimeter PH of buffer 8.6 Voltage 175 V Current 79 ma Runing Time 0.8 hour Table 1 shows the conditions of this IEF cataphoresis. 15? ? cubic decimeter of each cytochrome C, myoglobin, haemoglobin, and serum albumen were loaded into the well as indicated in Table 1. Well 1 is the bottom well in Figure 1. A electromotive force of 175 V and a current 79 ma was applied in the buffer of pH 8.6 for 50 proceedingss, and bubbles were observed on the electrode during the cataphoresis. Figure 1 shows that cytochrome ( *1 in Figure 1 ) moved closest to the cathode, and serum albumen ( *4 ) moved closest to the anode. Myoglobin ( *2 ) and haemoglobin ( *3 ) moved toward the anode, but hemoglobin moved further from the well than myoglobin. Discussion The consequences support the original hypothesis that cytochrome C will travel closest to the cathode, and myoglobin and haemoglobin will travel to the anode with serum albumen being the closest to the anode. These consequences clearly show the relationship between motion of proteins and their isoelectric point ( pi ) . The greater the difference is between pi of proteins and pH of the buffer, the farther the proteins are from the well in this experiment. The protein with a higher pi than the pH of the buffer was positively charged because it accepted hydrogen ions from the buffer. Then this positively charged protein moved to the negative part, or cathode because it was attracted by hydroxyl ions formed at the cathode by the electrode reactions. When this protein bonded with hydroxyl ions, it became impersonal and stopped its motion. On the other manus, the protein with lower pi than the pH of the buffer was attracted by the positive part, or anode, where H ions were formed. Since this protein released H ions to the buffer, it became negatively charged and moved to the anode to bond with H ions to go impersonal. The IEF cataphoresis utilizing agarose gels have been used by research workers, and this technique has proved to be an efficient method for dividing little measures of proteins. U. Ravnskov ( 1975 ) provinces in his article Low molecular weight albuminuria in association with paroxysmal myoglobinuria that agarose gel cataphoresis is a great method to divide myoglobin and haemoglobin. The difference between haemoglobin and myoglobin in pi is 0.4, yet the IEF horizontal agarose gel cataphoresis with 15? ? cubic decimeter of measure visualized this difference. A survey performed by C. Caudie, O. Allauzen, J. Bancel, and R. Later ( 2000 ) used agarose gel IEF and IgG immunorevelation to observe IgG oligoclonal sets ( OCB ) . Their decision was that IEF with immune sensing is the most sensitive and specific trial for the sensing of chronic CNS redness. Similar research was performed by J. Lunding, R. Midgard, and CA. Vedeler ( 2000 ) who compared the high quality of IEF, agarose gel cataphoresis ( AGE ) , and IgG index in sensitivity and specificity in observing nervous system upset. Restricted OCB were found in IEF and AGE, and the research workers found that more accurate consequences were obtained from IEF. Besides, IEF was far better than IgG index in finding intrathecal IgG synthesis. As research workers recommended IEF, the migration of all four proteins were successful with IEF utilizing the horizontal agarose gel even with the little sum of protein samples. This technique could be used in analysis, purification, and sensing of proteins . Improvements could be made in the declaration of the protein set in the agarose gel and experimental clip. Improvement in declaration could be achieved by cut downing the diffusion. An addition of the viscousness of the agarose gel reduces the diffusion, and declaration would therefore addition. The inauspicious consequence of this method is that it would decelerate down the experiment because the addition of viscousness of the agarose gel increases the clash of proteins. Increasing the experimental clip reduces the declaration and therefore is non ever a successful method to better declaration. This method would non be a good method for the proteins cytochrome C, myoglobin, haemoglobin, and serum albumen because Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 show that haemoglobin and serum albumens are greater in size. That is, haemoglobin and serum albumens tend to be influenced by the clash. Another method to better the declaration is to increase the strength of the electric field. This method besides re duces the clip of the migration of the proteins. The lone thing to be careful with about this method is the temperature of the agarose gel because the high electric field produces heat, and this might do the proteins to be denatured. Literature Cited Ravnskov, U. ( 1975, February ) . Low molecular weight albuminuria in association with paroxysmal myoglobinuria. [ Abstract ] Clin Nephrol 1975 Feb ; 3 ( 2 ) . 65-9. Retrieved January 31, 2001 from the WWW: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve amp ; db=PubMed A ; list_uids=47277 A ; dopt=Abstract Caudie, C. , Allauzen, O. , Bancel, J. , and Later, R. ( 2000 March-April ) . Role of isoelectric focussing of cerebrospinal fluid Ig G in the early biological appraisal of multiple induration. [ Abstract ] Annales de Biologie Clinique. Vol. 58, Issue 2, 187-93. Retrieved February 2, 2001 from the WWW: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve amp ; db=PubMed A ; list_uids=10760705 A ; dopt=Abstract Lunding, J. , Midgard, R. , and Vedeler, CA. ( 2000 Nov ) . Oligoclonal sets in cerebrospinal fluid: a comparative survey of isoelectric focussing, agarose gel cataphoresis and IgG index. [ Abstract ] Acta Neurol Scand 2000 Nov ; 102 ( 5 ) . 322-5. Retrieved February 2, 2001 from the WWW: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve amp ; db=PubMed A ; list_uids=11083510 A ; dopt=Abstract Natural Toxins Research Center at Texas A A ; M University. Isoelectric concentrating. Retrieved January 29, 2001 from the WWW: hypertext transfer protocol: //ntri.tamuk.edu/if/if.html Bibliography Literature Cited Ravnskov, U. ( 1975, February ) . Low molecular weight albuminuria in association with paroxysmal myoglobinuria. [ Abstract ] Clin Nephrol 1975 Feb ; 3 ( 2 ) . 65-9. Retrieved January 31, 2001 from the WWW: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve amp ; db=PubMed A ; list_uids=47277 A ; dopt=Abstract Caudie, C. , Allauzen, O. , Bancel, J. , and Later, R. ( 2000 March-April ) . Role of isoelectric focussing of cerebrospinal fluid Ig G in the early biological appraisal of multiple induration. [ Abstract ] Annales de Biologie Clinique. Vol. 58, Issue 2, 187-93. Retrieved February 2, 2001 from the WWW: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve amp ; db=PubMed A ; list_uids=10760705 A ; dopt=Abstract Lunding, J. , Midgard, R. , and Vedeler, CA. ( 2000 Nov ) . Oligoclonal sets in cerebrospinal fluid: a comparative survey of isoelectric focussing, agarose gel cataphoresis and IgG index. [ Abstract ] Acta Neurol Scand 2000 Nov ; 102 ( 5 ) . 322-5. Retrieved February 2, 2001 from the WWW: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve amp ; db=PubMed A ; list_uids=11083510 A ; dopt=Abstract Natural Toxins Research Center at Texas A A ; M University. Isoelectric concentrating. Retrieved January 29, 2001 from the WWW: hypertext transfer protocol: //ntri.tamuk.edu/if/if.html

Selling concept free essay sample

he marketing management philosophy that holds that achieving organizational goals depends on determining the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors do. The Selling Concept. This is another common business orientation. It holds that consumers and businesses, if left alone, will ordinarily not buy enough of the selling company’s products. The organization must, therefore, undertake an aggressive selling and promotion effort. We will write a custom essay sample on Selling concept or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This concept assumes that consumers typically sho9w buyi8ng inertia or resistance and must be coaxed into buying. It also assumes that the company has a whole battery of effective selling and promotional tools to stimulate more buying. Most firms practice the selling concept when they have overcapacity. Their aim is to sell what they make rather than make what the market wants. SELLING CONCEPT The idea that consumers wll not buy enough of the organizations products unless the organization undertakes large-scale selling and promotion effort. Advantage: When the firm have overcapacity, selling concept become beneficial to sell their product. It can also be applicable in non-profit organizations or societies (See the example). Disadvantage: Selling is largely a wasteful activity because a company truly practicing marketing concept will not need to sell its product. Marketing make selling redundant. Selling consume a lot of organizational resources, as the company force the product on customer. Example: A political party, will vigorously sell its candidate to voters as a fantastic person for the job. The candidate works hard at selling him or herself shaking hands, kissing babies, meeting donors and making speeches. Much money also has to be spent on radio and television advertising, posters and mailings. Candidate flaws are often hidden from the public because the aim is to get the sale, not to worry about consumer satisfaction afterwards. The third marketing philosophy is called the â€Å"selling concept†. The selling concept proposes that the basic function of the organization is to convince people to purchase its products. Perhaps the – known practitioner of the selling concept in the arts is Danny Newman (1977), who advocates reliance on subscription sales as the means of ensuring survival. His approach relies on sales-stimulating devices such as discounting and advertising. With regards to promotion, Newman suggests the importance of â€Å"floridity of statement and showmanship†¦ we should fill our brochures with readable, entertaining, bright material. Above all, they must be invested with selling thrust†. The problem with this approach is that it assumes that, for any product, a market can be generated through promotional and pricing manipulations. This assumption, especially in the arts, may not be warranted. Furthermore, the strategy that accompanies the selling concept is often undirected and unfocused in an effort to create mass appeal. This can result in an ineffective promotional campaign and ultimately can disillusion customers whose expectations are inflated and then not realized. The selling concept: Consumer and business, if left along, wont buy enough of the organization’s products. The concept is practiced most aggressively with unsought goods. Goods that buyers do not think of buying, such as insurance and encyclopedia. Also practiced in overcapacity. Aim is to sell what is made rather than what market wants. Consumers will buy products only if the company promotes/ sells these products. The Selling Concept The selling concept holds the idea- â€Å"consumers will not buy enough of the firm’s products unless it undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort†. Here the management focuses on creating sales transactions rather than on building long-term, profitable customer relationships. In other words; the aim is to sell what the company makes rather than making what the market wants. Such aggressive selling program carries very high risks. In selling concept the marketer assumes that customers will coaxed into buying the product will like it, if they don’t like it, they will possibly forget their disappointment and buy it again later. This is usually very poor and costly assumption. Typically the selling concept is practiced with unsought goods. Unsought goods are that buyers do not normally think of buying, such as insurance or blood donations. These industries must be good at tracking down prospects and selling them on a product’s benefits. The Selling Concept 1. undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort 2. The Selling Concept is suitable with unsought goods—those that buyers do not normally think of buying, such as insurance or blood donations. 3. Focus of the selling concept starts at the production level. Any company following selling concept undertakes a high risk. 5. The Selling Concept assumes –â€Å"customers who are coaxed into buying the product will like it. Or, if they don’t like it, they will possibly forget their disappointment and buy it again later. 6. The Selling Concept makes poor assumptions. The selling concept The selling concept holds that customers and businesses, if left alone, will ordinarily, not buy enough of the organization’s products. The organization must, therefore, undertake an aggressive selling and promotion effort. The selling concept is epitomized in the thinking of Sergio Zyman, Coca-Cola’s former vice president of marketing: The purpose of marketing is to sell more stuff to more people more often for more money in order to make more profit. The selling concept is practiced most aggressively with unsought goods, goods that buyers normally do not think of buying, such as insurance, encyclopedia, and funeral plots. Most firms practice the selling concept when they have overcapacity. Their aim is to sell what they make rather than make what the market wants. However, marketing based on hard selling carries high risks. It assumes that customers who are coaxed into buying a product will like it; and if they do not, they will not return it or bad-mouth it or complain to consumer organizations, or they might even buy it again. The sales concept By the early 1930’s however, mass production had become commonplace, competition had increased, and there was little unfulfilled demand. Around this time, firms began to practice the sales concept ( or selling concept), under which companies not only would produce the products, but also would try to convince customers to buy them through advertising and personal selling. Before producing a product, the key questions were: Can we sell the product? Can we charge enough for it? The sales concept paid little attention to whether the product actually was needed; the goal simply was to beat the competition to the sale with little regard to customer satisfaction. Marketing was a function that was performed after the product was developed and produced, and many people came to associate marketing with hard selling. Even today, many people us the word â€Å"marketing† when they really mean sales.

Tejano Music History.

Tejano Music History. While researching the definition of Tejano music for this paper, the first descriptions that appeared in print were "contagious" and "makes you want to dance" with "diverse influences" that make up the style. After listening to recordings for the class, on the internet, and from the library, the claims of Tejano music being "contagious" and "diverse" are well-substantiated. Though a further examination of the extensive literature reveals the origins and more precise description of the style, undeniably, the initial impression one gains from the writings is one of extreme excitement and contentment. Listening to only a small fraction of the recording collections, what is written about Tejano music holds true. Today, Tejano music is popular not only in Texas and Mexico, but throughout the United States and the rest of the world. Surprisingly, some of the most popular Tejano groups are not even from the Texas-Mexican border; La Sombra and La Mafia hailed from Chicago, Illinois, and Hous ton, Texas (San Miguel Jr.Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music Volume ...2002). Tejano music, nearly a century old, continues to be a booming industry, serving the cultural needs of both Latino and non-Latino listeners.Translated literally, Tejano means "Texas-Mexican". Indeed, the origin of the past and present phenomenon is uniquely Texas-Mexican. A brief excursion to grade school world history will enumerate the geographical origin of Tejano music. After Cortez conquered the Aztec empire, the Mexican population struggled to regain independence from the thievery and tyranny of the Spanish government. Mexico became a Spanish colony for the next 300 years, while Spain continued to conquer new ground. The area now known as Texas was settled by Spain in the late 1600's. San Antonio, located midway between Mexico and the east Texas Missions, was founded in 1718. As of today, San Antonio remains the capital of the Tejano music movement. Later,

Expert Strategy Guide SAT Question of the Day

Expert Strategy Guide SAT Question of the Day SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One great way to insert some extra SAT prep into your daily routine is to do a free SAT Question of the Day. College Board and other websites offer a daily question online and on mobile devices to keep you practicing whenever and wherever you want. In this article we’ll point you towards the best SAT Questions of the Day, both how to find them and how to use them effectively as you prep for the SAT. Where can you find SAT QOTD? Even though a few companies offer Question of the Day, College Board’s website is by far the best place for SAT QOTD. As the producers of the test, they release the highest quality questions. You can find their official practice question of the day online here: http://sat.org/qotd. In addition to the practice question, this site will tell you how many students answered it and what percentage answered it correctly. If you need a hint, it will give you one, as well. If you missed a question in the last thirty days, you can access that, too. Finally, College Board will give you an explanation of the correct answer. College Board has discontinued emailing practice questions, but you can pair up with a friend and email each other using their â€Å"Challenge a Friend† feature. Another site that offers free SAT questions of the day online is Number2.com (link to https://www.number2.com/exams/sat/daily/question/). This site offers a question a day, but does not have the other features (the answer hint, statistics, or share with a friend) that College Board offers. Do you tweet? College Board does too. You can follow @SATQuestion on Twitter. College Board links you back to their main site, along with some inspirational quotes or helpful tips about the test. How about QOTD on your phone? You can download College Board’s free apps to your phone, iPad, and Kindle. Here are their links for free apps: iPhones and iOS: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/official-sat-question-day/id361264754?mt=8. Android and Google Play:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.collegeboard.qotd Amazon:amazon.com/gp/mas/dl/android?p=org.collegeboard.qotd How do you use QOTD effectively and get the most from them? While answering QOTD questions is helpful, there are a few ways to get the most out of your time to improve your score the most. Make sure you understand your mistakes Did you answer it correctly? Read the explanation to make sure you understood the whole concept or skill being tested. The following example explains the answer to the math question above. Did you answer it incorrectly? Write that question down in your notebook. Figure out why you got it wrong and what concept or skill you need to work on to answer it correctly in the future. Figure out your weaknesses and drill them Whether the QOTD is math, reading, or writing, you should understand why you missed a question deeply. If you get stuck on a math question, seek out similar questions that test the same concept. If the vocabulary words are unfamiliar, look them up and shore up your vocabulary. Here’s an example of a Critical Reading sentence completion question from College Board. We'll hide the answer from you until you're ready. . . . .Did you choose C, â€Å"volatile...liable†? If you didn’t choose C, what was your mistake? Were you unfamiliar with the vocabulary words? Did you not think about the relationship between the words or correctly interpret to the context of the sentence? Through carefully analyzing your answers and working on your mistakes, you can turn your weaknesses into strengths. When a similar question comes up on the SAT, you can rest easy with the knowledge you’ve seen it dozens of times before. There are some limitations to SAT QOTD. First, because they are short questions, they usually don’t include passage-based reading or improving paragraph questions. Instead, they tend to be math multiple choice, sentence completions, improving sentences, and identifying sentence errors. Secondly, the difficulty levels of the questions are random. You can’t choose whether the practice questions of the day are easy, medium, or hard. However, you will get to answer a variety and see how you do on each questions of each difficulty level. This way you can figure out what skills and knowledge require further study and practice. Questions of the Day are a helpful tool and motivator, but they are not a replacement for more extensive study. To sum up†¦ Pros: -SAT Questions of the Day ensure that you’re preparing every day. -They’re easy to access online or on your cell phone or other devices. -They can be a launching point to help you identify your strengths and weaknesses. Cons: -There usually are no passage-based reading or improving paragraph questions. -The questions are random, so you can’t choose whether they’re easy, medium, or hard. SAT Questions of the Day are a free and easy way to get in some extra practice, learn new words, and most importantly, root out the areas you need to work on the most. Plus with the mobile apps, they’re conveniently right there in your pocket or bag. Just don’t get caught looking at your cell phone during class! What's Next? Now that you know how to prep using QOTD, there's a lot more you can learn about the SAT. What's a good SAT score for you and your goals? Read our step-by-step guide to figure our your own SAT target score. Planning to study with SAT books? Read our in-depth guide to the best SAT prep books. Want to improve your SAT score by 240+ points? Download our free strategy guide for the most important things you need to make big score improvements.